发明者量化PINE语言入门教程

�置）。 2、trail_offset参数：执行跟踪止损止盈行为之后，放置的平仓单距离最高价（做多时）或者最低价（做空时）的距离。 3、trail_points参数：如同trail_price参数，只不过是以盈利点数为指定位置。

是不是不容易理解，没关系！我们来通过一个策略回测场景来理解学习，其实很简单的。

/*backtest
start: 2022-09-23 00:00:00
end: 2022-09-23 08:00:00
period: 1m
basePeriod: 1m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Binance","currency":"ETH_USDT"}]
args: [["RunMode",1,358374],["ZPrecision",0,358374]]
*/

strategy("test", overlay = true)

varip a = na
varip highPrice = na
varip isTrade = false 
varip offset = 30

if not barstate.ishistory and not isTrade
    strategy.entry("test 1", strategy.long, 1)
    strategy.exit("exit 1", "test 1", 1, trail_price=close+offset, trail_offset=offset)
    a := close + offset
    runtime.log("每点价格为：", syminfo.mintick, "，当前close:", close)
    isTrade := true 

if close > a and not barstate.ishistory
    highPrice := na(highPrice) ? close : highPrice
    highPrice := close > highPrice ? close : highPrice

plot(a, "trail_price 触发线")    
plot(strategy.position_size>0 ? highPrice : na, "当前最高价")
plot(strategy.position_size>0 ? highPrice-syminfo.mintick*offset : na, "移动止损触发线")

策略开始执行时立即多头入场，然后立即下一个strategy.exit出场订单（指定了跟踪止损止盈参数），当行情变动价格上涨超过trail_price触发线时，开始执行跟踪止损止盈逻辑，止损止盈线（蓝色）开始跟随最高价动态调整，蓝色线位置就是止损止盈触发平仓的价位，最后当行情变动价格跌破蓝色线即触发平仓。这样结合图表上画出的线是不是就很容易理解了。

那么我们使用这个功能来优化一种超级趋势策略，我们只用给策略入场订单指定一个strategy.exit出场计划单，就可以增加这种跟踪止损止盈功能。

if not barstate.ishistory and findOrderIdx("open") >= 0 and state == 1
    trail_price := strategy.position_size > 0 ? close + offset : close - offset
    strategy.exit("exit", "open", 1, trail_price=trail_price, trail_offset=offset)
    runtime.log("每点价格为：", syminfo.mintick, "，当前close:", close, "，trail_price：", trail_price)
    state := 2 
    tradeBarIndex := bar_index

完整的策略代码：

/*backtest
start: 2022-05-01 00:00:00
end: 2022-09-27 00:00:00
period: 1d
basePeriod: 5m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Binance","currency":"ETH_USDT"}]
args: [["RunMode",1,358374],["ZPrecision",0,358374]]
*/

varip trail_price = na
varip offset = input(50, "offset")
varip tradeBarIndex = 0
// 0 : idle , 1 current_open , 2 current_close
varip state = 0  

findOrderIdx(idx) =>
    ret = -1 
    if strategy.opentrades == 0 
        ret
    else 
        for i = 0 to strategy.opentrades - 1 
            if strategy.opentrades.entry_id(i) == idx
                ret := i 
                break
        ret

if strategy.position_size == 0 
    trail_price := na 
    state := 0

[superTrendPrice, dir] = ta.supertrend(input(2, "atr系数"), input(20, "atr周期"))

if ((dir[1] < 0 and dir[2] > 0) or (superTrendPrice[1] > superTrendPrice[2])) and state == 0 and tradeBarIndex != bar_index
    strategy.entry("open", strategy.long, 1)
    state := 1
else if ((dir[1] > 0 and dir[2] < 0) or (superTrendPrice[1] < superTrendPrice[2])) and state == 0 and tradeBarIndex != bar_index
    strategy.entry("open", strategy.short, 1)
    state := 1


// 反向信号，全平
if strategy.position_size > 0 and dir[2] < 0 and dir[1] > 0
    strategy.cancel_all()
    strategy.close_all()
    runtime.log("趋势反转，多头全平")
else if strategy.position_size < 0 and dir[2] > 0 and dir[1] < 0
    strategy.cancel_all()
    strategy.close_all()
    runtime.log("趋势反转，空头全平")


if not barstate.ishistory and findOrderIdx("open") >= 0 and state == 1
    trail_price := strategy.position_size > 0 ? close + offset : close - offset
    strategy.exit("exit", "open", 1, trail_price=trail_price, trail_offset=offset)
    runtime.log("每点价格为：", syminfo.mintick, "，当前close:", close, "，trail_price：", trail_price)
    state := 2 
    tradeBarIndex := bar_index


plot(superTrendPrice, "superTrendPrice", color=dir>0 ? color.red : color.green, overlay=true)