多因子策略
Author: ChaoZhang, Date: 2023-10-31 15:45:39Tags:
概述
多因子策略融合了震荡型策略、趋势跟踪策略和突破型策略三种不同类型的策略,通过组合使用来获取更好的策略效果。
策略原理
多因子策略主要基于以下几方面进行建模:
震荡策略部分采用随机指标来判断买入和卖出时机。具体来说,当随机指标%K线从超卖区上穿%D线时产生买入信号;当%K线从超买区下穿%D线时产生卖出信号。
趋势策略部分采用SMA均线的黄金交叉来判断趋势方向。当快线从下方上穿慢线时产生买入信号;当快线从上方下穿慢线时产生卖出信号。
突破策略部分监测价格是否突破指定周期内的最高价或最低价。当价格超过最高价时买入;当价格低于最低价时卖出。
结合ADX指标来判断趋势力度,只有在趋势足够强劲时才参与趋势交易。
建立止损线和止盈线,设定合理的止损止盈比例。
综合这几个部分,多因子策略主要遵循以下逻辑:
当ADX大于设定阈值时,认为趋势足够强劲,这时开始执行趋势策略;当ADX小于阈值时,认为处于盘整,这时仅执行震荡策略。
在趋势行情中,当SMA快慢线黄金交叉时买入开仓,死叉时平仓。
在震荡行情中,执行随机指标的交易信号。
突破型策略在两种市场环境下都适用,用于追踪劲道。
设置止损止盈线优化获利。
优势分析
多因子策略最大的优势在于结合不同类型策略的优点,在两种市场环境中都可以获得较好的策略效果。具体来说,主要具有以下优势:
能够顺应趋势,在趋势行情中获得较高的胜率。
能够在震荡行情中获利,不会被困在持仓中。
具有较高的盈利因子,止盈止损设置合理。
考虑了趋势力度,能减少亏损。
结合多个指标,可以形成较强的交易信号。
可以通过参数优化获得较优的参数组合。
风险分析
多因子策略也存在一定的风险,主要包括:
多因子组合不当可能会造成交易信号混乱,需要反复测试找到最佳因子组合。
需要优化多个参数,优化难度较大,需要足够的历史数据支持。
在趋势反转时,无法及时平仓止损,可能带来较大亏损。
ADX指标存在滞后,可能错过趋势转折点。
突破交易容易被套,需要设置合理的止损策略。
针对以上风险,可以从以下几点进行优化:
测试不同因子在历史数据中的稳定性,选取稳定因子。
采用遗传算法等智能优化方法寻找最优参数。
设置合理的止损线,以控制最大回撤。
结合附加指标判断趋势反转。
优化突破交易的止损策略,避免过大亏损。
优化方向
多因子策略还具有进一步优化的空间:
- 测试更多类型的因子,寻找更好的组合。可以考虑波动率、成交量等其他因子。
2.采用机器学习方法寻找最优策略权重。
3.参数优化可以采用智能算法,快速寻优。
4.可以测试不同持仓时间下的收益情况。
5.可以考虑动态调整止损线。如盈利后可适当放宽止损范围。
6.可以引入更多过滤条件,如成交量突增等,提高信号质量。
7.ADX指标可以考虑优化参数或替换为更先进的趋势判断指标。
总结
多因子策略综合考虑了趋势、震荡、突破等多种交易逻辑,在两种市场环境下都能获得较优秀的效果。相比单一策略,多因子策略可以获得更高的稳定收益,具有良好的升级扩展空间。但需要注意参数优化难度较大,需要足够的历史数据支持优化过程。总体来说,多因子策略是一种非常有效的算法交易方法,值得进一步研究优化。
/*backtest
start: 2023-09-30 00:00:00
end: 2023-10-30 00:00:00
period: 1h
basePeriod: 15m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}]
*/
//@version=4
// strategy("Strategy_1", shorttitle="Strategy1",overlay=true ,pyramiding = 12, initial_capital=25000, currency='EUR', commission_type = strategy.commission.cash_per_order, commission_value = 3, default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 20)
// Revision: 1
// Author: Jonas
// === INPUT ===
// > BACKTEST RANGE <
FromMonth = input(defval=1, title="From Month", minval=1, maxval=12)
FromDay = input(defval=1, title="From Day", minval=1, maxval=31)
FromYear = input(defval=2017, title="From Year", minval=2010)
ToMonth = input(defval=1, title="To Month", minval=1, maxval=12)
ToDay = input(defval=1, title="To Day", minval=1, maxval=31)
ToYear = input(defval=9999, title="To Year", minval=2010)
// > STRATEGY SETTINGS <
bolOS = input(defval = false, type=input.bool, title="Oscillating Strategy")
bolTS = input(defval = true, type=input.bool, title="Trend Strategy")
bolBO = input(defval = false, type=input.bool, title="Breakout Strategy")
strStrategy = input(defval = "Long", type=input.string, title="Trade Strategy",options = ["Long", "Short","Long & Short"])
flStopLoss = input(defval = 2.0, title="Stop Loss %", type=input.float)/100
flTakeProfit = input(defval = 4.0, title="Take Profit %", type=input.float)/100
// > SMA <
fastMA = input(defval=8, type=input.integer, title="FastMA length", minval=1, step=1)
slowMA = input(defval=21, type=input.integer, title="SlowMA length", minval=1, step=1)
// > ADX <
adx_len = input(defval=10, type=input.integer, title="ADX length", minval=1, step=1)
adx_trend = input(defval=30, type=input.integer, title="ADX Tr", minval=1, step=1)
adx_choppy = adx_trend
adx_limit = adx_trend
// > TRENDSCORE <
ts_fromIndex = input(title="From", type=input.integer, minval=1, defval=10)
ts_toIndex = input(title="To", type=input.integer, minval=1, defval=14)
ts_src = input(title="Source", type=input.source, defval=close)
// > Oscillator <
stoch_length = 14
stoch_OverBought = 75
stoch_OverSold = 25
stoch_smoothK = 3
stoch_smoothD = 3
// === BACK TEST RANGE FUNCTION ===
window_start = timestamp(FromYear, FromMonth, FromDay, 00, 00) // backtest start window
window_finish = timestamp(ToYear, ToMonth, ToDay, 23, 59) // backtest finish window
window() => // create function "within window of time"
time >= window_start and time <= window_finish ? true : false
//plot(stop_level_Long, title="TEST",color=color.red, style=plot.style_linebr, linewidth=2)
//plot(take_level_Long, color=color.green, style=plot.style_linebr, linewidth=2)
// === ADX ===
adx_up = change(high)
adx_down = -change(low)
adx_trur = rma(tr, adx_len)
adx_plus = fixnan(100 * rma(adx_up > adx_down and adx_up > 0 ? adx_up : 0, adx_len) / adx_trur)
adx_minus = fixnan(100 * rma(adx_down > adx_up and adx_down > 0 ? adx_down : 0, adx_len) / adx_trur)
adx_sum = adx_plus + adx_minus
ADX = 100 * rma(abs(adx_plus - adx_minus) / (adx_sum == 0 ? 1 : adx_sum), adx_len)
//=== TRENDSCORE ===
trendscore(ts_src, ts_fromIndex, ts_toIndex) =>
ts_sum = 0.0
for i = ts_fromIndex to ts_toIndex
ts_sum := ts_sum + (ts_src >= nz(ts_src[i]) ? 1 : -1)
ts_sum
intTS = trendscore(ts_src, ts_fromIndex, ts_toIndex)
// Long if TrendDirection = 1, Short if TrendDirection = -1; Indifferent if TrendDirection = 0
intTrendDirection = (intTS > (ts_toIndex-ts_fromIndex)) ? 1 : (intTS < (ts_fromIndex-ts_toIndex)) ? -1 : 0
// > TREND CONDITION <
adx_growing = ADX > highest(ADX[1],3)
intTrend = ((ADX >= adx_limit) and (ADX[1] >= adx_limit) and adx_growing) ? intTrendDirection : 0
// === ATR ===
ATR = sma(tr,10)
ATR_100 = ATR /abs(high - low)
// === STOCHASTICS ===
stoch_k = sma(stoch(close, high, low, stoch_length), stoch_smoothK)
stoch_d = sma(stoch_k, stoch_smoothD)
// === FILTER & CONDITIONS ===
// > STOCHASTICS <
bolFilter_OS1 = close[1] > hl2[1]
bolSigOsc_long_1 = (na(stoch_k) or na(stoch_d)) ? false : (crossover(stoch_d,stoch_OverSold) and stoch_k > stoch_d) ? true:false
bolSigOsc_short_1 = (na(stoch_k) or na(stoch_d)) ? false : (crossunder(stoch_d,stoch_OverBought) and stoch_k < stoch_d) ? true:false
bolLongOpenOS = bolSigOsc_long_1 and bolFilter_OS1
bolLongCloseOS = bolSigOsc_short_1
bolShortOpenOS = bolSigOsc_short_1 and bolFilter_OS1
bolShortCloseOS = bolSigOsc_long_1
// > TREND <
bolFilter_TS1 = close[1] > hl2[1] and open[1] < hl2[1]
bolFilter_TS2 = sma(close,50)>sma(close,50)[10]
bolFilter_TS3 = close[1] < hl2[1] and open[1] > hl2[1]
bolSigTrendLO1 = sma(close, fastMA) > sma(close, slowMA)
bolSigTrendLO2 = close > sma(close,fastMA)
bolSigTrendLO3 = bolSigTrendLO1 and bolSigTrendLO2
bolSigTrendLC1 = sma(close, fastMA) < sma(close, slowMA)
bolSigTrendLC2 = close < sma(close, fastMA)
bolSigTrendLC3 = bolSigTrendLC1 and bolSigTrendLC2
bolSigTrendSO1 = bolSigTrendLC3
bolSigTrendSC1 = bolSigTrendLO1
bolLongOpenTS = bolSigTrendLO3 and bolFilter_TS1
bolLongCloseTS = bolSigTrendLC3 and bolFilter_TS3
bolShortOpenTS = bolSigTrendSO1 and bolFilter_TS3
bolShortCloseTS = bolLongOpenTS and bolFilter_TS1
plot(sma(close, fastMA), title='FastMA', color=color.green, linewidth=2, style=plot.style_line) // plot FastMA
plot(sma(close, slowMA), title='SlowMA', color=color.red, linewidth=2, style=plot.style_line) // plot SlowMA
// > BREAKOUT <
flFilter_BS1 = 0.5 * stdev(close,slowMA)[1]
bolFilter_BS2 = volume > sma(volume,slowMA)*1.25
bolSigBreakoutLO1 = close > (highestbars(high,slowMA)[1] + flFilter_BS1)
bolSigBreakoutLC1 = barssince(bolSigBreakoutLO1)==5
bolSigBreakoutSO1 = close < lowestbars(low,slowMA)[1] - flFilter_BS1
bolSigBreakoutSC1 = barssince(bolSigBreakoutSO1)==5
bolLongOpenBO = bolSigBreakoutLO1 and bolFilter_BS2
bolLongCloseBO = bolSigBreakoutLC1
bolShortOpenBO = bolSigBreakoutSO1 and bolFilter_BS2
bolShortCloseBO = bolSigBreakoutSC1
//=== STRATEGIES ENTRIES & EXITS ===
// > STOPS & LIMITS <
stop_level_Long = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 - flStopLoss)
take_level_Long = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 + flTakeProfit)
stop_level_Short = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 + flStopLoss)
take_level_Short = strategy.position_avg_price * (1 - flTakeProfit)
// > ENTRIES / CLOSES / EXITS <
if window() //only in backtest-window
if (bolOS == true)
if (intTrend == 0)
if(strStrategy == "Long" or strStrategy == "Long & Short")
strategy.entry("Lng Osc", strategy.long, when=bolLongOpenOS) // buy long when "within window of time" AND crossover
if(strStrategy == "Short" or strStrategy == "Long & Short")
strategy.entry("Short Osc", strategy.short, when=bolShortOpenOS)
strategy.close("Lng Osc", when=(bolLongCloseOS))
//strategy.exit("Exit L OS/STD", "Lng Osc", stop = strategy.position_avg_price - 2*stdev(close,10))
strategy.exit("Exit L OS/%", "Lng Osc", stop=stop_level_Long)
strategy.close("Short Osc", when=(bolShortCloseOS))
//strategy.exit("Exit S OS/STD", "Short Osc", stop = strategy.position_avg_price + 2*stdev(strategy.position_avg_price,10))
strategy.exit("Exit S OS/%", "Short Osc", stop=stop_level_Short)
if (bolTS == true)
if (not(intTrend == 0))
if((strStrategy == "Long") or (strStrategy == "Long & Short"))
strategy.entry("Lng TD", strategy.long, when=bolLongOpenTS) // buy long when "within window of time" AND crossover
if((strStrategy == "Short") or (strStrategy == "Long & Short"))
strategy.entry("Short TD", strategy.short, when=(bolShortOpenTS and bolTS)) // buy long when "within window of time" AND crossover
strategy.exit("Exit L TD", "Lng TD", stop=stop_level_Long)
strategy.close("Lng TD", when=bolLongCloseTS)
strategy.exit("Exit S TD", "Short TD", stop=stop_level_Short)
strategy.close("Short TD", when=bolShortCloseTS)
if (bolBO == true)
if((strStrategy == "Long") or (strStrategy == "Long & Short"))
strategy.entry("Lng BO", strategy.long, when=bolLongOpenBO) // buy long when "within window of time" AND crossover
strategy.close("Lng BO", when=bolLongCloseBO)
//strategy.exit("Exit L BO/STD", "Lng BO", stop = strategy.position_avg_price - 2*stdev(strategy.position_avg_price,10))
strategy.exit("Exit L BO/2.5%", "Lng BO", stop=stop_level_Long)
if((strStrategy == "Short") or (strStrategy == "Long & Short"))
strategy.entry("Short BO", strategy.short, when=bolShortOpenBO) // buy long when "within window of time" AND crossover
strategy.close("Short BO", when=bolShortCloseBO)
//strategy.exit("Exit S BO/STD", "Short BO", stop = strategy.position_avg_price - 2*stdev(strategy.position_avg_price,10))
strategy.exit("Exit S BO/%", "Short BO", stop=stop_level_Short)
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