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threading



### Thread

```Thread()```函数用于创建并发线程。


```Thread()```函数返回一个```Thread```对象，用于管理创建出的并发线程、线程通信等。

```Thread```对象


Thread(func, ...args)
Thread(...items)

参数```func```是用于并发执行的函数（通过引用传递），支持传入匿名函数。```func```可接受多个参数，这些参数将在并发执行时通过```...args```传入。因此，```func```的参数列表需要与```...args```一致。

func
true
function
参数```arg```是在回调执行时传递给```func```（即并发线程执行函数）的实际参数；参数```arg```可能有多个，```func```的参数列表需要与```...args```一致。

arg
false
string、number、bool、object、array、function、空值等系统支持的所有类型
参数```item```是一个数组，包含待并发执行的函数引用及其参数，调用```Thread```函数时的参数```item```可以传入多组。

item
true
array

```javascript
function test1(a, b, c) {
    Log("test1:", a, b, c)
}

function main() {
    var t1 = threading.Thread(test1, 1, 2, 3)
    var t2 = threading.Thread(function (msg) {
        Log("msg:", msg)
    }, "Hello thread2")

    t1.join()
    t2.join()
}

同时创建一个自定义函数和一个匿名函数的并发线程。

function test1(msg) {
    Log("msg:", msg)
    test2("Hello test2")
}

function main() {
    var t1 = threading.Thread(
        [function(a, b, c) {Log(a, b, c)}, 1, 2, 3], 
        [test1, "Hello test1"], 
        [`function test2(msg) {Log("msg:", msg)}`])

    t1.join()
}

使用Thread(...items)形式来创建并发线程，顺序执行多个函数。

function testFunc1(p) {
    Log("testFunc1 p:", p)
}

function main() {
    threading.Thread(function(pfn) {
        var threadName = threading.currentThread().name()
        var threadId = threading.currentThread().id()
        pfn(`in thread threadName: ${threadName}, threadId: ${threadId}`)
    }, testFunc1).join()
}

支持向并发执行函数的参数传入函数。

function ml(input) {
    const net = new brain.NeuralNetwork()
    net.train([
        { input: [0, 0], output: [0] },
        { input: [0, 1], output: [1] },
        { input: [1, 0], output: [1] },
        { input: [1, 1], output: [0] },
    ])
    return net.run(input)
}

function main() {
    var ret = threading.Thread([ml, [1, 0]], [HttpQuery("https://unpkg.com/brain.js")]).join()

    // ret: {"id":1,"terminated":false,"elapsed":337636000,"ret":{"0":0.9339330196380615}}
    Log(ret)
}

支持传入函数字符串，可以动态导入外部库进行并发计算。

传入Thread()函数用于并发执行的线程函数func运行在隔离环境中，因此无法直接引用线程外部的变量，引用时会编译失败。同时，线程内不支持引用其它闭包函数。线程内部可调用平台提供的所有API，但不能调用用户自定义的其他函数。

当线程执行完毕且没有被持续引用时，系统底层会自动回收线程相关的资源，不需要显式调用join()函数来释放资源。如果有持续引用导致无法释放资源，并发数量超过2000个会报错：InternalError: too many routine wait, max is 2000。

支持回测系统、实盘环境；所有并发线程相关的函数，在回测系统中仅作为代码兼容支持，实际不会真正并发线程执行，本章不再赘述。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

getThread



```getThread()```函数返回通过参数指定threadId的```Thread```对象

```Thread```对象


getThread(threadId)

参数```threadId```为线程对象Id，通过指定参数获取对应的线程对象。

threadId
true
number

```javascript
function main() {
    var t1 = threading.Thread(function () {
        // Thread 对象有方法：id()，用于获取线程的Id，可以查看文档对应Thread对象的章节
        var id = threading.currentThread().id()
        var thread1 = threading.getThread(id)
        
        Log("id:", id, ", thread1.id():", thread1.id())
        Log(`id == thread1.id():`, id == thread1.id())
    })
    t1.join()
}

通过threadId获取指定的线程对象。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

如果期望获取的线程已经执行完毕、释放，此时无法通过threading.getThread(threadId)获取该线程的线程对象。

{@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

mainThread



```mainThread()```函数返回主线程的线程对象。

```Thread```对象


mainThread()

```javascript
function main() {
    Log("主线程的threadId：", threading.mainThread().id())
}

获取主线程的Thread对象，输出主线程的threadId。

function test() {
    Log("test函数中输出主线程Id：", threading.mainThread().id())
}

function main() {
    var t1 = threading.Thread(test)
    t1.join()
}

在并发的线程中也可以获取主线程的线程对象。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

currentThread



```currentThread()```函数返回当前线程的线程对象。

```Thread```对象


currentThread()

```javascript
function test() {
    Log("当前线程的Id：", threading.currentThread().id())
}

function main() {
    var t1 = threading.Thread(test)
    t1.join()
}

获取当前线程的Thread对象，输出当前线程的threadId。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

Lock



```Lock()```函数返回一个线程锁对象。

```ThreadLock```对象


Lock()

```javascript
function consumer(productionQuantity, dict, lock) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        lock.acquire()
        var count = dict.get("count")        
        Log("consumer:", count)
        Sleep(1000)
        lock.release()
    }
}

function producer(productionQuantity, dict, lock) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        lock.acquire()
        dict.set("count", i)
        Log("producer:", i)
        Sleep(1000)
        lock.release()
    }
}

function main() {
    var dict = threading.Dict()
    dict.set("count", -1)
    var lock = threading.Lock()
    var productionQuantity = 10
    var producerThread = threading.Thread(producer, productionQuantity, dict, lock)
    var consumerThread = threading.Thread(consumer, productionQuantity, dict, lock)

    consumerThread.join()
    producerThread.join()
}

两个并发线程访问公共资源。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

Condition



```Condition()```函数返回一个```ThreadCondition```对象。

```ThreadCondition```对象


Condition()

```javascript
function consumer(productionQuantity, dict, condition) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        condition.acquire()
        while (dict.get("array").length == 0) {
            condition.wait()
        }
        var arr = dict.get("array")
        var count = arr.shift()
        dict.set("array", arr)
        Log("consumer:", count, ", array:", arr)
        condition.release()
        Sleep(1000)
    }
}

function producer(productionQuantity, dict, condition) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        condition.acquire()
        var arr = dict.get("array")
        arr.push(i)
        dict.set("array", arr)
        Log("producer:", i, ", array:", arr)
        condition.notify()
        condition.release()
        Sleep(1000)
    }
}

function main() {
    var dict = threading.Dict()
    dict.set("array", [])
    var condition = threading.Condition()
    var productionQuantity = 10
    var producerThread = threading.Thread(producer, productionQuantity, dict, condition)
    var consumerThread = threading.Thread(consumer, productionQuantity, dict, condition)
    consumerThread.join()
    producerThread.join()
}

两个并发线程访问公共资源。

回测系统没有实现该功能，仅仅是定义。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

Event



```Event()```函数返回一个```ThreadEvent```对象。

```ThreadEvent```对象


Event()

```javascript
function consumer(productionQuantity, dict, pEvent, cEvent) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        while (dict.get("array").length == 0) {
            pEvent.wait()
        }
        if (pEvent.isSet()) {
            pEvent.clear()
        }

        var arr = dict.get("array")
        var count = arr.shift()
        dict.set("array", arr)
        Log("consumer:", count, ", array:", arr)
        cEvent.set()
        Sleep(1000)
    }
}

function producer(productionQuantity, dict, pEvent, cEvent) {
    for (var i = 0; i < productionQuantity; i++) {
        while (dict.get("array").length != 0) {
            cEvent.wait()
        }
        if (cEvent.isSet()) {
            cEvent.clear()
        }

        var arr = dict.get("array")
        arr.push(i)
        dict.set("array", arr)
        Log("producer:", i, ", array:", arr)        
        pEvent.set()       
        Sleep(1000)
    }
}

function main() {    
    var dict = threading.Dict()
    dict.set("array", [])
    var pEvent = threading.Event()
    var cEvent = threading.Event()
    var productionQuantity = 10
    var producerThread = threading.Thread(producer, productionQuantity, dict, pEvent, cEvent)
    var consumerThread = threading.Thread(consumer, productionQuantity, dict, pEvent, cEvent)

    consumerThread.join()
    producerThread.join()
}

两个并发线程访问公共资源。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

Dict



```Dict()```函数返回一个```ThreadDict```对象。

```ThreadDict```对象


Dict()

```javascript
function threadFun1(obj) {
    obj["age"] = 100
    while (true) {
        Log("threadFun1 obj:", obj)
        Sleep(5000)
    }
}

function threadFun2(obj) {
    while (true) {
        Log("threadFun2 obj:", obj)
        Sleep(5000)
    }
}

function main() {
    var obj = {"age": 10}
    var t1 = threading.Thread(threadFun1, obj)
    var t2 = threading.Thread(threadFun2, obj)
    t1.join()
    t2.join()    
}

给并发的线程执行函数传入普通的对象，测试修改对象的键值后是否引起其它线程中的对象键值变动。

function threadFun1(threadDict) {
    threadDict.set("age", 100)
    while (true) {
        Log(`threadFun1 threadDict.get("age"):`, threadDict.get("age"))
        Sleep(5000)
    }
}

function threadFun2(threadDict) {
    while (true) {
        Log(`threadFun2 threadDict.get("age"):`, threadDict.get("age"))
        Sleep(5000)
    }
}

function main() {
    var threadDict = threading.Dict()
    threadDict.set("age", 10)
    var t1 = threading.Thread(threadFun1, threadDict)
    var t2 = threading.Thread(threadFun2, threadDict)

    t1.join()
    t2.join()    
}

给并发的线程执行函数传入Dict()函数创建的ThreadDict对象，测试修改对象的键值后是否引起其它线程中的对象键值变动。

线程并发函数传入普通对象时为深拷贝传递，在并发线程中修改键值，并不会影响到其它线程中的字典。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/pending pending}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

pending



```pending()```函数返回当前策略程序正在运行的并发线程数。

number

pending()

```javascript
function threadFun1() {
    Log("threadFun1")
    Sleep(3000)
}

function threadFun2() {
    for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        LogStatus(_D(), "print from threadFun2")
        Sleep(3000)
    }
}

function main() {
    Log(`begin -- threading.pending():`, threading.pending())

    var t1 = threading.Thread(threadFun1)
    var t2 = threading.Thread(threadFun2)
    Log(`after threading.Thread -- threading.pending():`, threading.pending())

    t1.join()
    t2.join()
    Log(`after thread.join -- threading.pending():`, threading.pending())
}

创建两个并发运行的线程，在不同时间节点调用pending()函数。

策略main()函数开始运行时直接调用pending()函数会返回1，因为策略main()函数所在的主线程也是一个pending中的线程。

支持回测系统、实盘环境。

{@fun/Threads/threading/getThread getThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/mainThread mainThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/currentThread currentThread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Lock Lock}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Condition Condition}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Event Event}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Dict Dict}, {@fun/Threads/threading/Thread Thread}, {@fun/Threads/threading/eventLoop eventLoop}

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