*Remarks** UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970. By default, the Timezone is syminfo.timezone, possible values can be seen in timestamp. Note that this function returns the day based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00 UTC-4) this value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day.

See also

### timestamp

Function timestamp returns UNIX time of specified date and time.

timestamp(dateString)

timestamp(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)

timestamp(timezone, year, month, day, hour, minute, second)

**Example**
```pine
// timestamp
plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), linewidth=3, color=color.green)
plot(timestamp(syminfo.timezone, 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.blue)
plot(timestamp(2016, 01, 19, 09, 30), color=color.yellow)
plot(timestamp("GMT+6", 2016, 01, 19, 09, 30))
plot(timestamp(2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.lime)
plot(timestamp("GMT+3", 2019, 06, 19, 09, 30, 15), color=color.fuchsia)
plot(timestamp("Feb 01 2020 22:10:05"))
plot(timestamp("2011-10-10T14:48:00"))
plot(timestamp("04 Dec 1995 00:12:00 GMT+5"))

Returns Unix time.

Arguments - timezone (series string) Timezone. Optional. The default is syminfo.timezone. Can be specified in GMT notation (e.g. “GMT-5”) or as an IANA time zone database name (e.g. “America/New_York”). - year (series int) Year. - month (series int) Month. - day (series int) Day. - hour (series int) (Optional argument) Hour. Default is 0. - minute (series int) (Optional argument) Minute. Default is 0. - second (series int) (Optional argument) Second. Default is 0. - dateString (const string) A string containing the date and, optionally, the time and time zone. Its format must comply with either the IETF RFC 2822 or ISO 8601 standards (“DD MMM YYYY hh:mm:ss ±hhmm” or “YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss±hh:mm”, so “20 Feb 2020” or “2020-02-20”). If no time is supplied, “00:00” is used. If no time zone is supplied, GMT+0 will be used. Note that this diverges from the usual behavior of the function where it returns time in the exchange’s timezone.

Remarks UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.

See also

### fill

Fills background between two plots or hlines with a given color.

fill(hline1, hline2, color, title, editable, fillgaps, display)

fill(plot1, plot2, color, title, editable, show_last, fillgaps, display)

**Example**
```pine
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color=color.new(color.blue, 90))

p1 = plot(open)
p2 = plot(close)
fill(p1, p2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))

Arguments - hline1 (hline) The first hline object. Required argument. - hline2 (hline) The second hline object. Required argument. - plot1 (plot) The first plot object. Required argument. - plot2 (plot) The second plot object. Required argument. - color (series color) Color of the plot. You can use constants like ‘color=color.red’ or ‘color=#ff001a’ as well as complex expressions like ‘color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Optional argument. - title (const string) Title of the created fill object. Optional argument. - editable (const bool) If true then fill style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true. - show_last (input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart. - fillgaps (const bool) Controls continuing fills on gaps, i.e., when one of the plot() calls returns an na value. When true, the last fill will continue on gaps. The default is false. - display (plot_display) Controls where the fill is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.

See also

### hline

Renders a horizontal line at a given fixed price level.

hline(price, title, color, linestyle, linewidth, editable, display)

**Example**
```pine
// input.hline
hline(3.14, title='Pi', color=color.blue, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=2)

// You may fill the background between any two hlines with a fill() function:
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))

Returns An hline object, that can be used in fill.

Arguments - price (input int/float) Price value at which the object will be rendered. Required argument. - title (const string) Title of the object. - color (input color) Color of the rendered line. Must be a constant value (not an expression). Optional argument. - linestyle (hline_style) Style of the rendered line. Possible values are: solid, dotted, dotted. Optional argument. - linewidth (input int) Width of the rendered line. Default value is 1. - editable (const bool) If true then hline style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true. - display (plot_display) Controls where the hline is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all. - overlay (const bool) is the extension argument of FMZ platform, it is used to set the current function to be displayed on the main image (set to true) or sub-image (set to false), the default value is false. If this argument is not specified, it will be set according to the overlay argument in strategy or indicator, if strategy or indicator does not set the overlay argument, it will be processed according to the default arguments.

bgcolor

Fill background of bars with specified color.

bgcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display, overlay)

Example

// bgcolor example
bgcolor(close < open ? color.new(color.red,70) : color.new(color.green, 70))

Arguments - color (series color) Color of the filled background. You can use constants like “red” or “#ff001a” as well as complex expressions like ‘close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Required argument. - offset (series int) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is 0. - editable (const bool) If true then bgcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true. - show_last (input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart. - title (const string) Title of the bgcolor. Optional argument. - display (plot_display) Controls where the bgcolor is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all. - overlay (const bool) is the extension argument of FMZ platform, it is used to set the current function to be displayed on the main image (set to true) or sub-image (set to false), the default value is false. If this argument is not specified, it will be set according to the overlay argument in strategy or indicator, if strategy or indicator does not set the overlay argument, it will be processed according to the default arguments.

See also

### barcolor

Set color of bars.

barcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display)

**Example**
```pine
barcolor(close < open ? color.black : color.white)

Arguments - color (series color) Color of bars. You can use constants like ‘red’ or ‘#ff001a’ as well as complex expressions like ‘close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Required argument. - offset (series int) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is 0. - editable (const bool) If true then barcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true. - show_last (input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart. - display (plot_display) Controls where the barcolor is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.

See also

### error

Compatible with ```error``` of PINE v4, and the function is the same as ```runtime.error```.


# Built-in variables
## order

### order.ascending

Determines the sort order of the array from the smallest to the largest value.

**Type**
sort_order

**See also**
```array.new_float``` ```array.sort```

### order.descending

Determines the sort order of the array from the largest to the smallest value.

**Type**
sort_order

**See also**
```array.new_float``` ```array.sort```

## timeframe

### timeframe.isdaily

Returns true if current resolution is a daily resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isweekly``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.isdwm

Returns true if current resolution is a daily or weekly or monthly resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.isweekly``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.isintraday

Returns true if current resolution is an intraday (minutes or seconds) resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.isweekly``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.isminutes

Returns true if current resolution is a minutes resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.isweekly``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.ismonthly

Returns true if current resolution is a monthly resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.isweekly```

### timeframe.isseconds

Returns true if current resolution is a seconds resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.isweekly``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.isweekly

Returns true if current resolution is a weekly resolution, false otherwise.

**Type**
simple bool

**See also**
```timeframe.isdwm``` ```timeframe.isintraday``` ```timeframe.isminutes``` ```timeframe.isseconds``` ```timeframe.isdaily``` ```timeframe.ismonthly```

### timeframe.multiplier

Multiplier of resolution, e.g. '60' - 60, 'D' - 1, '5D' - 5, '12M' - 12.

**Type**
simple int

**See also**
```syminfo.ticker``` ```syminfo.tickerid``` ```timeframe.period```

### timeframe.period

Resolution, e.g. '60' - 60 minutes, 'D' - daily, 'W' - weekly, 'M' - monthly, '5D' - 5 days, '12M' - one year, '3M' - one quarter.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.ticker``` ```syminfo.tickerid``` ```timeframe.multiplier```

## display

### display.none

A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display nowhere. Available in alert template message.

**Type**
plot_display

**See also**
```plot``` ```plotshape``` ```plotchar```

### display.all

A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display everywhere.

**Type**
plot_display

**See also**
```plot``` ```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```plotarrow``` ```plotbar``` ```plotcandle```

## shape

### shape.xcross

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.cross

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.triangleup

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.triangledown

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.flag

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.circle

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.arrowup

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.arrowdown

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.labelup

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.labeldown

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.square

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

### shape.diamond

Shape style for plotshape function.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape```

## color

### color.aqua

Is a named constant for #00BCD4 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.black

Is a named constant for #363A45 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.blue

Is a named constant for #2962ff color.

**Type**
const color

### color.fuchsia

Is a named constant for #E040FB color.

**Type**
const color

### color.gray

Is a named constant for #787B86 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.green

Is a named constant for #4CAF50 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.lime

Is a named constant for #00E676 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.maroon

Is a named constant for #880E4F color.

**Type**
const color

### color.navy

Is a named constant for #311B92 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.olive

Is a named constant for #808000 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.orange

Is a named constant for #FF9800 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.purple

Is a named constant for #9C27B0 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.red

Is a named constant for #FF5252 color.

**Type**
const color

### color.silver

Is a named constant for #B2B5BE color.

**Type**
const color

### color.teal

color.teal

Is a named constant for #00897B color.

**Type**
const color

### color.white

Is a named constant for #FFFFFF color.

**Type**
const color

### color.yellow

Is a named constant for #FFEB3B color.

**Type**
const color

## plot

### plot.style_line

A named constant for the 'Line' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_linebr

A named constant for the 'Line With Breaks' style, to be used as an argument for the `style` parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_line, except the gaps in the data are not filled.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_histogram

A named constant for the 'Histogram' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot```  ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_columns

A named constant for the 'Columns' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_circles

A named constant for the 'Circles' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns```

### plot.style_area

A named constant for the 'Area' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_areabr

A named constant for the 'Area With Breaks' style, to be used as an argument for the `style` parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_area, except the gaps in the data are not filled.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_cross

A named constant for the 'Cross' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_stepline``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_stepline

A named constant for the 'Step Line' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_stepline_diamond``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

### plot.style_stepline_diamond

A named constant for the 'Step Line With Diamonds' style, to be used as an argument for the ```style``` parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_stepline, except the data changes are also marked with the Diamond shapes.

**Type**
plot_style

**See also**
```plot``` ```plot.style_line``` ```plot.style_linebr``` ```plot.style_histogram``` ```plot.style_cross``` ```plot.style_area``` ```plot.style_areabr``` ```plot.style_columns``` ```plot.style_circles```

## location

### location.abovebar

location.abovebar

Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted above main series bars.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```location.belowbar``` ```location.top``` ```location.bottom``` ```location.absolute```

### location.belowbar

Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted below main series bars.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```location.abovebar``` ```location.top``` ```location.bottom``` ```location.absolute```

### location.top

Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the top chart border.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```location.abovebar``` ```location.belowbar``` ```location.bottom``` ```location.absolute```

### location.bottom

Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the bottom chart border.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```location.abovebar``` ```location.belowbar``` ```location.top``` ```location.absolute```

### location.absolute

Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted on chart using indicator value as a price coordinate.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```location.abovebar``` ```location.belowbar``` ```location.top``` ```location.bottom```

## size

### size.auto

size.auto

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape automatically adapts to the size of the bars.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.tiny``` ```size.small``` ```size.normal``` ```size.large``` ```size.huge```

### size.tiny

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly tiny.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.auto``` ```size.small``` ```size.normal``` ```size.large``` ```size.huge```

### size.small

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly small.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.auto``` ```size.tiny``` ```size.normal``` ```size.large``` ```size.huge```

### size.normal

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly normal.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.auto``` ```size.tiny``` ```size.small``` ```size.large``` ```size.huge```

### size.large

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly large.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.auto``` ```size.tiny``` ```size.small``` ```size.normal``` ```size.huge```

### size.huge

Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly huge.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```plotshape``` ```plotchar``` ```size.auto``` ```size.tiny``` ```size.small``` ```size.normal``` ```size.large```

## alert

### alert.freq_once_per_bar

A named constant for use with the `freq` parameter of the alert() function.
The first function call during the bar triggers the alert.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```alert```

### alert.freq_all

A named constant for use with the `freq` parameter of the alert() function.
All function calls trigger the alert.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```alert```

### alert.freq_once_per_bar_close

A named constant for use with the 'freq' parameter of the alert() function.
The function call triggers the alert only when it occurs during the last script iteration of the real-time bar, when it closes.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```alert```

## format

### format.inherit

Is a named constant.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```format.price``` ```format.volume```

### format.price

Is a named constant.

**Type**
const string

**Remarks**
If format is format.price, default precision value is set. You can use the precision argument of indicator function to change the precision value.

**See also**
```format.inherit``` ```format.volume```

### format.volume

It's a named constant.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```format.inherit``` ```format.price```

## syminfo

### syminfo.ticker

Symbol name without exchange prefix, e.g. 'MSFT'.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.tickerid``` ```timeframe.period``` ```timeframe.multiplier```

### syminfo.tickerid

Symbol name with exchange prefix, e.g. 'BATS:MSFT', 'NASDAQ:MSFT'.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.ticker``` ```timeframe.period``` ```timeframe.multiplier```

### syminfo.basecurrency

Base currency for the symbol. For the symbol "BTCUSD" returns "BTC".

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.currency``` ```syminfo.ticker```

### syminfo.currency

Currency for the current symbol. Returns currency code: "USD", "EUR", etc.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.basecurrency``` ```syminfo.ticker```

### syminfo.type

Type of the current symbol. Possible values are stock, futures, index, forex, crypto, fund, dr.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```syminfo.ticker```

### syminfo.mintick

Min tick value for the current symbol. On FMZ Platform, the template parameter **pricing currency precision** in the "Pine Language Trading Class Library" on the real order/backtest interface can control this value. **Pricing currency precision** Setting 2 means that the price is accurate to the second decimal place when trading, and the minimum price change unit is 0.01. The value of syminfo.mintick is 0.01.

**Type**
simple float

**See also**
```syminfo.pointvalue```

### syminfo.pointvalue

Point value of current product

**Type**
simple float

**See also**
```syminfo.mintick```

### syminfo.timezone

Timezone of the exchange of the chart main series. Possible values see in timestamp.

**Type**
simple string

**See also**
```timestamp```

## barstate

### barstate.islastconfirmedhistory

Returns true if script is executing on the dataset's last bar when market is closed, or script is executing on the bar immediately preceding the real-time bar, if market is open. Returns false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isnew```

### barstate.isnew

Returns true if script is currently calculating on new bar, false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isconfirmed``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.isfirst

Returns true if current bar is first bar in barset, false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isnew``` ```barstate.isconfirmed``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.islast

Returns true if current bar is the last bar in barset, false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isnew``` ```barstate.isconfirmed``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.ishistory

Returns true if current bar is a historical bar, false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isnew``` ```barstate.isconfirmed``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.isconfirmed

Returns true if the script is calculating the last (closing) update of the current bar. The next script calculation will be on the new bar data.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
It is NOT recommended to use barstate.isconfirmed in request.security expression. Its value requested from request.security is unpredictable.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isrealtime``` ```barstate.isnew``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.isrealtime

Returns true if current bar is a real-time bar, false otherwise.

**Type**
series bool

**Remarks**
PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data.
Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

**See also**
```barstate.isfirst``` ```barstate.islast``` ```barstate.ishistory``` ```barstate.isnew``` ```barstate.isconfirmed``` ```barstate.islastconfirmedhistory```

### barstate.time

Not available.

## ta

### ta.accdist

Accumulation/distribution index.

**Type**
series float

### ta.iii

Intraday Intensity Index.

**Type**
series float

**Example**
```pine
// Intraday Intensity Index
plot(ta.iii, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_iii() =>
    (2 * close - high - low) / ((high - low) * volume)

plot(f_iii())

ta.nvi

Negative Volume Index.

Type series float

Example

// Negative Volume Index

plot(ta.nvi, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_nvi() =>
    float ta_nvi = 1.0
    float prevNvi = (nz(ta_nvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0)  ? 1.0: ta_nvi[1]
    if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
        ta_nvi := prevNvi
    else
        ta_nvi := (volume < nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevNvi + ((close - close[1]) / close[1]) * prevNvi : prevNvi
    result = ta_nvi

plot(f_nvi())

ta.pvi

Positive Volume Index.

Type series float

Example

// Positive Volume Index

plot(ta.pvi, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_pvi() =>
    float ta_pvi = 1.0
    float prevPvi = (nz(ta_pvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0)  ? 1.0: ta_pvi[1]
    if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
        ta_pvi := prevPvi
    else
        ta_pvi := (volume > nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevPvi + ((close - close[1]) / close[1]) * prevPvi : prevPvi
    result = ta_pvi

plot(f_pvi())

ta.obv

On Balance Volume.

Type series float

Example

// On Balance Volume
plot(ta.obv, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_obv() =>
    ta.cum(math.sign(ta.change(close)) * volume)

plot(f_obv())

ta.pvt

Price-Volume Trend.

Type series float

Example

// Price-Volume Trend
plot(ta.pvt, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_pvt() =>
    ta.cum((ta.change(close) / close[1]) * volume)

plot(f_pvt())

ta.wad

Williams Accumulation/Distribution.

Type series float

Example

// Williams Accumulation/Distribution
plot(ta.wad, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_wad() =>
    trueHigh = math.max(high, close[1])
    trueLow = math.min(low, close[1])
    mom = ta.change(close)
    gain = (mom > 0) ? close - trueLow : (mom < 0) ? close - trueHigh : 0
    ta.cum(gain)

plot(f_wad())

ta.wvad

Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution.

Type series float

Example

// Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution
plot(ta.wvad, color=color.yellow)

// the same on pine
f_wvad() =>
    (close - open) / (high - low) * volume

plot(f_wvad())

math

math.e

Is a named constant for Euler’s number. It is equal to 2.7182818284590452.

Type const float

See also

### math.phi

Is a named constant for the golden ratio. It is equal to 1.6180339887498948.

**Type**
const float

**See also**
```math.e``` ```math.pi``` ```math.rphi```

### math.pi

Is a named constant for Archimedes' constant. It is equal to 3.1415926535897932.

**Type**
const float

**See also**
```math.e``` ```math.phi``` ```math.rphi```

### math.rphi

Is a named constant for the golden ratio conjugate. It is equal to 0.6180339887498948.

**Type**
const float

**See also**
```math.e``` ```math.pi``` ```math.phi```

## strategy

### strategy.equity

Current equity (strategy.initial_capital + strategy.netprofit + strategy.openprofit).

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.netprofit``` ```strategy.openprofit``` ```strategy.position_size```

### strategy.position_size

Direction and size of the current market position. If the value is > 0, the market position is long. If the value is < 0, the market position is short. The absolute value is the number of contracts/shares/lots/units in trade (position size).

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.position_avg_price```

### strategy.position_avg_price

Average entry price of current market position. If the market position is flat, "NaN" is returned.

**Explanation**
The average price in FMZ PINE Script is the price including handling fee. For example: the order price is 8000, the selling direction, the quantity is 1 lot (pieces, sheets), the average price after the transaction is not 8000, but lower than 8000 (the cost includes the handling fee).

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.position_size```

### strategy.long

Long position entry.

**Type**
strategy_direction

**See also**
```strategy.entry``` ```strategy.exit```

### strategy.short

Short position entry.

**Type**
strategy_direction

**See also**
```strategy.entry``` ```strategy.exit```

### strategy.closedtrades

Number of trades, which were closed for the whole trading interval.

**Type**
series int

**See also**
```strategy.position_size``` ```strategy.opentrades```

### strategy.opentrades

Number of market position entries, which were not closed and remain opened. If there is no open market position, 0 is returned.

**Type**
series int

**See also**
```strategy.position_size```

### strategy.netprofit

Total currency value of all completed trades.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.openprofit``` ```strategy.position_size``` ```strategy.grossprofit```

### strategy.grossprofit

Total currency value of all completed winning trades.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.netprofit```

### strategy.openprofit

Current unrealized profit or loss for all open positions.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```strategy.netprofit``` ```strategy.position_size```

### strategy.direction.long

It allows strategy to open only long positions.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```strategy.risk.allow_entry_in```

### strategy.direction.short

It allows strategy to open only short positions.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```strategy.risk.allow_entry_in```

### strategy.direction.all

It allows strategy to open both long and short positions.

**Type**
const string

**See also**
```strategy.risk.allow_entry_in```

## dayofweek

### dayofweek

Day of week for current bar time in exchange timezone.

**Type**
series int

**Remarks**
Note that this variable returns the day based on the time of the bar's open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day.
You can use dayofweek.sunday, dayofweek.monday, dayofweek.tuesday, dayofweek.wednesday, dayofweek.thursday, dayofweek.friday and dayofweek.saturday variables for comparisons.

**See also**
```time``` ```dayofmonth```

### dayofweek.sunday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.friday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.monday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.friday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.tuesday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.friday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.wednesday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.friday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.thursday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.friday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.friday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.saturday```

### dayofweek.saturday

Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.

**Type**
const int

**See also**
```dayofweek.sunday``` ```dayofweek.monday``` ```dayofweek.tuesday``` ```dayofweek.wednesday``` ```dayofweek.thursday``` ```dayofweek.friday```

## hline

### hline.style_dashed

Is a named constant for dashed linestyle of hline function.

**Type**
hline_style

**See also**
```hline.style_solid``` ```hline.style_dotted```

### hline.style_dotted

hline.style_dotted

Is a named constant for dotted linestyle of hline function.

**Type**
hline_style

**See also**
```hline.style_solid``` ```hline.style_dashed```

### hline.style_solid

Is a named constant for solid linestyle of hline function.

**Type**
hline_style

**See also**
```hline.style_dotted``` ```hline.style_dashed```

## barmerge

### barmerge.gaps_on

Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged with possible gaps (na values).

**Type**
barmerge_gaps

**See also**
```request.security``` ```barmerge.gaps_off```

### barmerge.gaps_off

Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged continuously without gaps, all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing value.

**Type**
barmerge_gaps

**See also**
```request.security``` ```barmerge.gaps_on```

### barmerge.lookahead_on

Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset in the order of sorting bars by their opening time. This merge strategy can lead to undesirable effect of getting data from "future" on calculation on history. This is unacceptable in backtesting strategies, but can be useful in indicators.

**Type**
barmerge_lookahead

**See also**
```request.security``` ```barmerge.lookahead_off```

### barmerge.lookahead_off

Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset in the order of sorting bars by their close time. This merge strategy disables effect of getting data from "future" on calculation on history.

**Type**
barmerge_lookahead

**See also**
```request.security``` ```barmerge.lookahead_on```

## others

### hl2

It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price)/2.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```open``` ```high``` ```low``` ```close``` ```volume``` ```time``` ```hlc3``` ```hlcc4``` ```ohlc4```

### hlc3

It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price + closing price)/3.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```open``` ```high``` ```low``` ```close``` ```volume``` ```time``` ```hl2``` ```hlcc4``` ```ohlc4```

### hlcc4

It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price + closing price + closing price)/4.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```open``` ```high``` ```low``` ```close``` ```volume``` ```time``` ```hl2``` ```hlc3``` ```ohlc4```

### ohlc4

It is a shortcut for (opening price + highest price + lowest price + closing price)/4.

**Type**
series float

**See also**
```open``` ```high``` ```low``` ```close``` ```volume``` ```time``` ```hl2``` ```hlc3``` ```hlcc4```

### na

Double.NaN value (Not a Number).

**Type**
simple na

**Example**
```pine
// na
plot(bar_index < 10 ? na : close)    // CORRECT
plot(close == na ? close[1] : close)    // INCORRECT!
plot(na(close) ? close[1] : close)    // CORRECT

Remarks Use it for return values ONLY. DON’T TRY TO COMPARE WITH IT! If you need to check if some value is NaN, use built-in function na.

See also

### bar_index

Current bar index. Numbering is zero-based, index of the first bar is 0.

**Type**
series int

**Example**
```pine
// bar_index
plot(bar_index)
plot(bar_index > 5000 ? close : 0)

Remarks Note that bar_index has replaced n variable in version 4. Note that bar indexing starts from 0 on the first historical bar. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

See also

### last_bar_index

Bar index of the last chart bar. Bar indices begin at zero on the first bar.

**Type**
series int

**Example**

strategy(“Mark Last X Bars For Backtesting”, overlay = true, calc_on_every_tick = true) lastBarsFilterInput = input.int(100, “Bars Count:”) // Here, we store the ‘last_bar_index’ value that is known from the beginning of the script’s calculation. // The ‘last_bar_index’ will change when new real-time bars appear, so we declare ‘lastbar’ with the ‘var’ keyword. var lastbar = last_bar_index // Check if the current bar_index is ‘lastBarsFilterInput’ removed from the last bar on the chart, or the chart is traded in real-time. allowedToTrade = (lastbar - bar_index <= lastBarsFilterInput) or barstate.isrealtime bgcolor(allowedToTrade ? color.new(color.green, 80) : na) “`

Returns Last historical bar index for closed markets, or the real-time bar index for open markets.

Remarks Please note that using this variable can cause indicator repainting.

See also bar_index last_bar_time barstate.ishistory barstate.isrealtime

time

Current bar time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.

timenow

Current time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.

Type series int

Remarks Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.

See also timestamp time dayofmonth dayofweek

Type series int

Remarks Note that this variable returns the timestamp based on the time of the bar’s open. Because of that, for overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this variable can return time before the specified date of the trading day. For example, on EURUSD, “dayofmonth(time)” can be lower by 1 than the date of the trading day, because the bar for the current day actually opens one day prior.

See also time dayofmonth dayofweek

year

Current bar year in exchange timezone.

Type series int

Reamrks Note that this variable returns the year based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the year of the trading day.

See also year time month weekofyear dayofmonth dayofweek hour minute second

month

Current bar month in exchange timezone.

Type series int

Reamrks Note that this variable returns the month based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the month of the trading day.

See also month time year weekofyear dayofmonth dayofweek hour minute second

hour

Current bar hour in exchange timezone.

Type series int

See also hour time year month weekofyear dayofmonth dayofweek minute second

minute

Current bar minute in exchange timezone.

Type series int

See also minute time year month weekofyear dayofmonth dayofweek hour second

second

Current bar second in exchange timezone.

Type series int

See also second time year month weekofyear dayofmonth dayofweek hour minute

open

Current open price.

Type series float

Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. open[1], open[2].

See also high low close volume time hl2 hlc3 hlcc4 ohlc4

high

Current highest price.

Type series float

Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. high[1], high[2].

See also open low close volume time hl2 hlc3 hlcc4 ohlc4

low

Current lowest price.

Type series float

Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. low[1], low[2].

See also open high close volume time hl2 hlc3 hlcc4 ohlc4

close

Close price of the current bar when it has closed, or last traded price of a yet incomplete, realtime bar.

Type series float

Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. close[1], close[2].

See also open high low volume time hl2 hlc3 hlcc4 ohlc4

volume

Current bar volume.

Type series float

Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. volume[1], volume[2].

See also open high low close time hl2 hlc3 hlcc4 ohlc4

weekofyear

Week number of current bar time in exchange timezone.

Type series int

Remarks Note that this variable returns the week based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the week of the trading day.

See also weekofyear time year month dayofmonth dayofweek hour minute second

dayofmonth

Date of current bar time in exchange timezone.

Type series int

Remarks Note that this variable returns the day based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day.

See also time dayofweek