plot(timestamp(“04 Dec 1995 00:12:00 GMT+5”))
**Returns**
Unix time.
**Arguments**
- ```timezone``` (series string) Timezone. Optional. The default is syminfo.timezone. Can be specified in GMT notation (e.g. "GMT-5") or as an IANA time zone database name (e.g. "America/New_York").
- ```year``` (series int) Year.
- ```month``` (series int) Month.
- ```day``` (series int) Day.
- ```hour``` (series int) (Optional argument) Hour. Default is 0.
- ```minute``` (series int) (Optional argument) Minute. Default is 0.
- ```second``` (series int) (Optional argument) Second. Default is 0.
- ```dateString``` (const string) A string containing the date and, optionally, the time and time zone. Its format must comply with either the IETF RFC 2822 or ISO 8601 standards ("DD MMM YYYY hh:mm:ss ±hhmm" or "YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss±hh:mm", so "20 Feb 2020" or "2020-02-20"). If no time is supplied, "00:00" is used. If no time zone is supplied, GMT+0 will be used. Note that this diverges from the usual behavior of the function where it returns time in the exchange's timezone.
**Remarks**
UNIX time is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
**See also**
```time``` ```timenow``` ```syminfo.timezone```
### fill
Fills background between two plots or hlines with a given color.
fill(hline1, hline2, color, title, editable, fillgaps, display)
fill(plot1, plot2, color, title, editable, show_last, fillgaps, display)
**Example**
```pine
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color=color.new(color.blue, 90))
p1 = plot(open)
p2 = plot(close)
fill(p1, p2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))
Arguments
hline1
(hline) The first hline object. Required argument.hline2
(hline) The second hline object. Required argument.plot1
(plot) The first plot object. Required argument.plot2
(plot) The second plot object. Required argument.color
(series color) Color of the plot. You can use constants like ‘color=color.red’ or ‘color=#ff001a’ as well as complex expressions like ‘color = close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Optional argument.title
(const string) Title of the created fill object. Optional argument.editable
(const bool) If true then fill style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show_last
(input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart.fillgaps
(const bool) Controls continuing fills on gaps, i.e., when one of the plot() calls returns an na value. When true, the last fill will continue on gaps. The default is false.display
(plot_display) Controls where the fill is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.See also
plot
barcolor
bgcolor
hline
Renders a horizontal line at a given fixed price level.
hline(price, title, color, linestyle, linewidth, editable, display)
Example
// input.hline
hline(3.14, title='Pi', color=color.blue, linestyle=hline.style_dotted, linewidth=2)
// You may fill the background between any two hlines with a fill() function:
h1 = hline(20)
h2 = hline(10)
fill(h1, h2, color=color.new(color.green, 90))
Returns An hline object, that can be used in fill.
Arguments
price
(input int/float) Price value at which the object will be rendered. Required argument.title
(const string) Title of the object.color
(input color) Color of the rendered line. Must be a constant value (not an expression). Optional argument.linestyle
(hline_style) Style of the rendered line. Possible values are: solid, dotted, dotted. Optional argument.linewidth
(input int) Width of the rendered line. Default value is 1.editable
(const bool) If true then hline style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.display
(plot_display) Controls where the hline is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.overlay
(const bool) is the extension argument of FMZ platform, it is used to set the current function to be displayed on the main image (set to true) or sub-image (set to false), the default value is false. If this argument is not specified, it will be set according to the overlay
argument in strategy
or indicator
, if strategy
or indicator
does not set the overlay
argument, it will be processed according to the default arguments.Fill background of bars with specified color.
bgcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display, overlay)
Example
// bgcolor example
bgcolor(close < open ? color.new(color.red,70) : color.new(color.green, 70))
Arguments
color
(series color) Color of the filled background. You can use constants like “red” or “#ff001a” as well as complex expressions like ‘close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Required argument.offset
(series int) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is 0.editable
(const bool) If true then bgcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show_last
(input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart.title
(const string) Title of the bgcolor. Optional argument.display
(plot_display) Controls where the bgcolor is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.overlay
(const bool) is the extension argument of FMZ platform, it is used to set the current function to be displayed on the main image (set to true) or sub-image (set to false), the default value is false. If this argument is not specified, it will be set according to the overlay
argument in strategy
or indicator
, if strategy
or indicator
does not set the overlay
argument, it will be processed according to the default arguments.See also
plot
Set color of bars.
barcolor(color, offset, editable, show_last, title, display)
Example
barcolor(close < open ? color.black : color.white)
Arguments
color
(series color) Color of bars. You can use constants like ‘red’ or ‘#ff001a’ as well as complex expressions like ‘close >= open ? color.green : color.red’. Required argument.offset
(series int) Shifts the color series to the left or to the right on the given number of bars. Default is 0.editable
(const bool) If true then barcolor style will be editable in Format dialog. Default is true.show_last
(input int) If set, defines the number of bars (from the last bar back to the past) to fill on chart.display
(plot_display) Controls where the barcolor is displayed. Possible values are: display.none, display.all. Default is display.all.See also
bgcolor
plot
fill
Compatible with error
of PINE v4, and the function is the same as runtime.error
.
Determines the sort order of the array from the smallest to the largest value.
Type sort_order
See also
array.new_float
array.sort
Determines the sort order of the array from the largest to the smallest value.
Type sort_order
See also
array.new_float
array.sort
Returns true if current resolution is a daily resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isweekly
timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is a daily or weekly or monthly resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.isweekly
timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is an intraday (minutes or seconds) resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.isweekly
timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is a minutes resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.isweekly
timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is a monthly resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.isweekly
Returns true if current resolution is a seconds resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.isweekly
timeframe.ismonthly
Returns true if current resolution is a weekly resolution, false otherwise.
Type simple bool
See also
timeframe.isdwm
timeframe.isintraday
timeframe.isminutes
timeframe.isseconds
timeframe.isdaily
timeframe.ismonthly
Multiplier of resolution, e.g. ‘60’ - 60, ‘D’ - 1, ‘5D’ - 5, ‘12M’ - 12.
Type simple int
See also
syminfo.ticker
syminfo.tickerid
timeframe.period
Resolution, e.g. ‘60’ - 60 minutes, ‘D’ - daily, ‘W’ - weekly, ‘M’ - monthly, ‘5D’ - 5 days, ‘12M’ - one year, ‘3M’ - one quarter.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.ticker
syminfo.tickerid
timeframe.multiplier
A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display nowhere. Available in alert template message.
Type plot_display
See also
plot
plotshape
plotchar
A named constant that specifies where the plot is displayed. Display everywhere.
Type plot_display
See also
plot
plotshape
plotchar
plotarrow
plotbar
plotcandle
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Shape style for plotshape function.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
Is a named constant for #00BCD4 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #363A45 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #2962ff color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #E040FB color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #787B86 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #4CAF50 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #00E676 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #880E4F color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #311B92 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #808000 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #FF9800 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #9C27B0 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #FF5252 color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #B2B5BE color.
Type const color
color.teal
Is a named constant for #00897B color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #FFFFFF color.
Type const color
Is a named constant for #FFEB3B color.
Type const color
A named constant for the ‘Line’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Line With Breaks’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_line, except the gaps in the data are not filled.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Histogram’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Columns’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Circles’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
A named constant for the ‘Area’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_cross
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Area With Breaks’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_area, except the gaps in the data are not filled.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Cross’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_stepline
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Step Line’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_stepline_diamond
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
A named constant for the ‘Step Line With Diamonds’ style, to be used as an argument for the style
parameter in the plot function. Similar to plot.style_stepline, except the data changes are also marked with the Diamond shapes.
Type plot_style
See also
plot
plot.style_line
plot.style_linebr
plot.style_histogram
plot.style_cross
plot.style_area
plot.style_areabr
plot.style_columns
plot.style_circles
location.abovebar
Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted above main series bars.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
location.belowbar
location.top
location.bottom
location.absolute
Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted below main series bars.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
location.abovebar
location.top
location.bottom
location.absolute
Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the top chart border.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
location.abovebar
location.belowbar
location.bottom
location.absolute
Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted near the bottom chart border.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
location.abovebar
location.belowbar
location.top
location.absolute
Location value for plotshape, plotchar functions. Shape is plotted on chart using indicator value as a price coordinate.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
location.abovebar
location.belowbar
location.top
location.bottom
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape automatically adapts to the size of the bars.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.tiny
size.small
size.normal
size.large
size.huge
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly tiny.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.auto
size.small
size.normal
size.large
size.huge
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly small.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.auto
size.tiny
size.normal
size.large
size.huge
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly normal.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.auto
size.tiny
size.small
size.large
size.huge
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly large.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.auto
size.tiny
size.small
size.normal
size.huge
Size value for plotshape, plotchar functions. The size of the shape constantly huge.
Type const string
See also
plotshape
plotchar
size.auto
size.tiny
size.small
size.normal
size.large
A named constant for use with the freq
parameter of the alert() function.
The first function call during the bar triggers the alert.
Type const string
See also
alert
A named constant for use with the freq
parameter of the alert() function.
All function calls trigger the alert.
Type const string
See also
alert
A named constant for use with the ‘freq’ parameter of the alert() function. The function call triggers the alert only when it occurs during the last script iteration of the real-time bar, when it closes.
Type const string
See also
alert
Is a named constant.
Type const string
See also
format.price
format.volume
Is a named constant.
Type const string
Remarks If format is format.price, default precision value is set. You can use the precision argument of indicator function to change the precision value.
See also
format.inherit
format.volume
It’s a named constant.
Type const string
See also
format.inherit
format.price
Symbol name without exchange prefix, e.g. ‘MSFT’.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.tickerid
timeframe.period
timeframe.multiplier
Symbol name with exchange prefix, e.g. ‘BATS:MSFT’, ‘NASDAQ:MSFT’.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.ticker
timeframe.period
timeframe.multiplier
Base currency for the symbol. For the symbol “BTCUSD” returns “BTC”.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.currency
syminfo.ticker
Currency for the current symbol. Returns currency code: “USD”, “EUR”, etc.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.basecurrency
syminfo.ticker
Type of the current symbol. Possible values are stock, futures, index, forex, crypto, fund, dr.
Type simple string
See also
syminfo.ticker
Min tick value for the current symbol. On FMZ Platform, the template parameter pricing currency precision in the “Pine Language Trading Class Library” on the real order/backtest interface can control this value. Pricing currency precision Setting 2 means that the price is accurate to the second decimal place when trading, and the minimum price change unit is 0.01. The value of syminfo.mintick is 0.01.
Type simple float
See also
syminfo.pointvalue
Point value of current product
Type simple float
See also
syminfo.mintick
Timezone of the exchange of the chart main series. Possible values see in timestamp.
Type simple string
See also
timestamp
Returns true if script is executing on the dataset’s last bar when market is closed, or script is executing on the bar immediately preceding the real-time bar, if market is open. Returns false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isnew
Returns true if script is currently calculating on new bar, false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isconfirmed
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if current bar is first bar in barset, false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.islast
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isnew
barstate.isconfirmed
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if current bar is the last bar in barset, false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isnew
barstate.isconfirmed
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if current bar is a historical bar, false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isnew
barstate.isconfirmed
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if the script is calculating the last (closing) update of the current bar. The next script calculation will be on the new bar data.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. It is NOT recommended to use barstate.isconfirmed in request.security expression. Its value requested from request.security is unpredictable. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
barstate.isnew
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Returns true if current bar is a real-time bar, false otherwise.
Type series bool
Remarks PineScript code that uses this variable could calculate differently on history and real-time data. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isnew
barstate.isconfirmed
barstate.islastconfirmedhistory
Not available.
Accumulation/distribution index.
Type series float
Intraday Intensity Index.
Type series float
Example
// Intraday Intensity Index
plot(ta.iii, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_iii() =>
(2 * close - high - low) / ((high - low) * volume)
plot(f_iii())
Negative Volume Index.
Type series float
Example
// Negative Volume Index
plot(ta.nvi, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_nvi() =>
float ta_nvi = 1.0
float prevNvi = (nz(ta_nvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0: ta_nvi[1]
if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
ta_nvi := prevNvi
else
ta_nvi := (volume < nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevNvi + ((close - close[1]) / close[1]) * prevNvi : prevNvi
result = ta_nvi
plot(f_nvi())
Positive Volume Index.
Type series float
Example
// Positive Volume Index
plot(ta.pvi, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_pvi() =>
float ta_pvi = 1.0
float prevPvi = (nz(ta_pvi[1], 0.0) == 0.0) ? 1.0: ta_pvi[1]
if nz(close, 0.0) == 0.0 or nz(close[1], 0.0) == 0.0
ta_pvi := prevPvi
else
ta_pvi := (volume > nz(volume[1], 0.0)) ? prevPvi + ((close - close[1]) / close[1]) * prevPvi : prevPvi
result = ta_pvi
plot(f_pvi())
On Balance Volume.
Type series float
Example
// On Balance Volume
plot(ta.obv, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_obv() =>
ta.cum(math.sign(ta.change(close)) * volume)
plot(f_obv())
Price-Volume Trend.
Type series float
Example
// Price-Volume Trend
plot(ta.pvt, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_pvt() =>
ta.cum((ta.change(close) / close[1]) * volume)
plot(f_pvt())
Williams Accumulation/Distribution.
Type series float
Example
// Williams Accumulation/Distribution
plot(ta.wad, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_wad() =>
trueHigh = math.max(high, close[1])
trueLow = math.min(low, close[1])
mom = ta.change(close)
gain = (mom > 0) ? close - trueLow : (mom < 0) ? close - trueHigh : 0
ta.cum(gain)
plot(f_wad())
Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution.
Type series float
Example
// Williams Variable Accumulation/Distribution
plot(ta.wvad, color=color.yellow)
// the same on pine
f_wvad() =>
(close - open) / (high - low) * volume
plot(f_wvad())
Is a named constant for Euler’s number. It is equal to 2.7182818284590452.
Type const float
See also
math.phi
math.pi
math.rphi
Is a named constant for the golden ratio. It is equal to 1.6180339887498948.
Type const float
See also
math.e
math.pi
math.rphi
Is a named constant for Archimedes’ constant. It is equal to 3.1415926535897932.
Type const float
See also
math.e
math.phi
math.rphi
Is a named constant for the golden ratio conjugate. It is equal to 0.6180339887498948.
Type const float
See also
math.e
math.pi
math.phi
Current equity (strategy.initial_capital + strategy.netprofit + strategy.openprofit).
Type series float
See also
strategy.netprofit
strategy.openprofit
strategy.position_size
Direction and size of the current market position. If the value is > 0, the market position is long. If the value is < 0, the market position is short. The absolute value is the number of contracts/shares/lots/units in trade (position size).
Type series float
See also
strategy.position_avg_price
Average entry price of current market position. If the market position is flat, “NaN” is returned.
Explanation The average price in FMZ PINE Script is the price including handling fee. For example: the order price is 8000, the selling direction, the quantity is 1 lot (pieces, sheets), the average price after the transaction is not 8000, but lower than 8000 (the cost includes the handling fee).
Type series float
See also
strategy.position_size
Long position entry.
Type strategy_direction
See also
strategy.entry
strategy.exit
Short position entry.
Type strategy_direction
See also
strategy.entry
strategy.exit
Number of trades, which were closed for the whole trading interval.
Type series int
See also
strategy.position_size
strategy.opentrades
Number of market position entries, which were not closed and remain opened. If there is no open market position, 0 is returned.
Type series int
See also
strategy.position_size
Total currency value of all completed trades.
Type series float
See also
strategy.openprofit
strategy.position_size
strategy.grossprofit
Total currency value of all completed winning trades.
Type series float
See also
strategy.netprofit
Current unrealized profit or loss for all open positions.
Type series float
See also
strategy.netprofit
strategy.position_size
It allows strategy to open only long positions.
Type const string
See also
strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
It allows strategy to open only short positions.
Type const string
See also
strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
It allows strategy to open both long and short positions.
Type const string
See also
strategy.risk.allow_entry_in
Day of week for current bar time in exchange timezone.
Type series int
Remarks Note that this variable returns the day based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day. You can use dayofweek.sunday, dayofweek.monday, dayofweek.tuesday, dayofweek.wednesday, dayofweek.thursday, dayofweek.friday and dayofweek.saturday variables for comparisons.
See also
time
dayofmonth
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.friday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.friday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.friday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.friday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.friday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.saturday
Is a named constant for return value of dayofweek function and value of dayofweek variable.
Type const int
See also
dayofweek.sunday
dayofweek.monday
dayofweek.tuesday
dayofweek.wednesday
dayofweek.thursday
dayofweek.friday
Is a named constant for dashed linestyle of hline function.
Type hline_style
See also
hline.style_solid
hline.style_dotted
hline.style_dotted
Is a named constant for dotted linestyle of hline function.
Type hline_style
See also
hline.style_solid
hline.style_dashed
Is a named constant for solid linestyle of hline function.
Type hline_style
See also
hline.style_dotted
hline.style_dashed
Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged with possible gaps (na values).
Type barmerge_gaps
See also
request.security
barmerge.gaps_off
Merge strategy for requested data. Data is merged continuously without gaps, all the gaps are filled with the previous nearest existing value.
Type barmerge_gaps
See also
request.security
barmerge.gaps_on
Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset in the order of sorting bars by their opening time. This merge strategy can lead to undesirable effect of getting data from “future” on calculation on history. This is unacceptable in backtesting strategies, but can be useful in indicators.
Type barmerge_lookahead
See also
request.security
barmerge.lookahead_off
Merge strategy for the requested data position. Requested barset is merged with current barset in the order of sorting bars by their close time. This merge strategy disables effect of getting data from “future” on calculation on history.
Type barmerge_lookahead
See also
request.security
barmerge.lookahead_on
It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price)/2.
Type series float
See also
open
high
low
close
volume
time
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price + closing price)/3.
Type series float
See also
open
high
low
close
volume
time
hl2
hlcc4
ohlc4
It is a shortcut for (highest price + lowest price + closing price + closing price)/4.
Type series float
See also
open
high
low
close
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
ohlc4
It is a shortcut for (opening price + highest price + lowest price + closing price)/4.
Type series float
See also
open
high
low
close
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
Double.NaN value (Not a Number).
Type simple na
Example
// na
plot(bar_index < 10 ? na : close) // CORRECT
plot(close == na ? close[1] : close) // INCORRECT!
plot(na(close) ? close[1] : close) // CORRECT
Remarks Use it for return values ONLY. DON’T TRY TO COMPARE WITH IT! If you need to check if some value is NaN, use built-in function na.
See also
na
Current bar index. Numbering is zero-based, index of the first bar is 0.
Type series int
Example
// bar_index
plot(bar_index)
plot(bar_index > 5000 ? close : 0)
Remarks Note that bar_index has replaced n variable in version 4. Note that bar indexing starts from 0 on the first historical bar. Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
barstate.isfirst
barstate.islast
barstate.isrealtime
Bar index of the last chart bar. Bar indices begin at zero on the first bar.
Type series int
Example
strategy("Mark Last X Bars For Backtesting", overlay = true, calc_on_every_tick = true)
lastBarsFilterInput = input.int(100, "Bars Count:")
// Here, we store the 'last_bar_index' value that is known from the beginning of the script's calculation.
// The 'last_bar_index' will change when new real-time bars appear, so we declare 'lastbar' with the 'var' keyword.
var lastbar = last_bar_index
// Check if the current bar_index is 'lastBarsFilterInput' removed from the last bar on the chart, or the chart is traded in real-time.
allowedToTrade = (lastbar - bar_index <= lastBarsFilterInput) or barstate.isrealtime
bgcolor(allowedToTrade ? color.new(color.green, 80) : na)
Returns Last historical bar index for closed markets, or the real-time bar index for open markets.
Remarks Please note that using this variable can cause indicator repainting.
See also
bar_index
last_bar_time
barstate.ishistory
barstate.isrealtime
Current bar time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
Current time in UNIX format. It is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, 1 January 1970.
Type series int
Remarks Please note that using this variable/function can cause indicator repainting.
See also
timestamp
time
dayofmonth
dayofweek
Type series int
Remarks Note that this variable returns the timestamp based on the time of the bar’s open. Because of that, for overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this variable can return time before the specified date of the trading day. For example, on EURUSD, “dayofmonth(time)” can be lower by 1 than the date of the trading day, because the bar for the current day actually opens one day prior.
See also
time
dayofmonth
dayofweek
Current bar year in exchange timezone.
Type series int
Reamrks Note that this variable returns the year based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the year of the trading day.
See also
year
time
month
weekofyear
dayofmonth
dayofweek
hour
minute
second
Current bar month in exchange timezone.
Type series int
Reamrks Note that this variable returns the month based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the month of the trading day.
See also
month
time
year
weekofyear
dayofmonth
dayofweek
hour
minute
second
Current bar hour in exchange timezone.
Type series int
See also
hour
time
year
month
weekofyear
dayofmonth
dayofweek
minute
second
Current bar minute in exchange timezone.
Type series int
See also
minute
time
year
month
weekofyear
dayofmonth
dayofweek
hour
second
Current bar second in exchange timezone.
Type series int
See also
second
time
year
month
weekofyear
dayofmonth
dayofweek
hour
minute
Current open price.
Type series float
Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. open[1], open[2].
See also
high
low
close
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
Current highest price.
Type series float
Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. high[1], high[2].
See also
open
low
close
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
Current lowest price.
Type series float
Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. low[1], low[2].
See also
open
high
close
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
Close price of the current bar when it has closed, or last traded price of a yet incomplete, realtime bar.
Type series float
Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. close[1], close[2].
See also
open
high
low
volume
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
Current bar volume.
Type series float
Remarks Previous values may be accessed with square brackets operator [], e.g. volume[1], volume[2].
See also
open
high
low
close
time
hl2
hlc3
hlcc4
ohlc4
Week number of current bar time in exchange timezone.
Type series int
Remarks Note that this variable returns the week based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the week of the trading day.
See also
weekofyear
time
year
month
dayofmonth
dayofweek
hour
minute
second
Date of current bar time in exchange timezone.
Type series int
Remarks Note that this variable returns the day based on the time of the bar’s open. For overnight sessions (e.g. EURUSD, where Monday session starts on Sunday, 17:00) this value can be lower by 1 than the day of the trading day.
See also
time
dayofweek
乞丐 为何策略广场复制的pine策略无法实盘
发明者量化-小小梦 好的,我们检查下。
乞丐 张超大佬的Optimized Trend Tracker
发明者量化-小小梦 您好,请问具体是哪个策略呢?