Este artículo explica en detalle una estrategia de negociación cuantitativa que combina múltiples indicadores técnicos.
I. Lógica de la estrategia
La estrategia incluye principalmente los siguientes componentes:
(1) PSAR para determinar la dirección de la tendencia y generar señales básicas de compra/venta.
(2) ZigZag para confirmar la dirección de la señal mediante la identificación de oscilaciones.
(3) Bandas de Bollinger para verificar las señales mediante la detección de rupturas.
(4) MACD para validar aún más las señales y mejorar la precisión.
(5) ATR para calcular el stop loss dinámico para controlar el riesgo por operación.
(6) Entrar en operaciones basadas en señales y criterios sintetizados.
Las operaciones solo se realizan cuando todos los indicadores están de acuerdo, lo que filtra las señales falsas y mejora la precisión.
II. Ventajas de la Estrategia
La mayor ventaja radica en la validación de señales con múltiples indicadores, evitando las limitaciones de indicadores únicos y mejorando la fiabilidad.
Además, el enfoque dinámico de stop loss también es una gran ventaja: establece niveles razonables de stop loss basados en la volatilidad del mercado para el control proactivo del riesgo.
Por último, las combinaciones de múltiples indicadores proporcionan un amplio margen de ajuste de parámetros para mejorar aún más la eficiencia de la estrategia.
III. Riesgos potenciales
Sin embargo, también deben tenerse en cuenta los siguientes riesgos:
En primer lugar, la complejidad de los múltiples indicadores aumenta la dificultad de optimización.
En segundo lugar, si se establece un stop loss demasiado cercano, se corre el riesgo de que se detenga prematuramente y se amplifiquen las pérdidas.
Por último, pueden producirse discrepancias entre las señales de los indicadores, lo que requiere normas claras de prioridad.
IV. Resumen
En resumen, este artículo ha explicado una estrategia de negociación cuantitativa que utiliza la confirmación de múltiples indicadores y el control de riesgos. Combina de manera inteligente los indicadores para la verificación y la gestión de riesgos. Pero la dificultad de la optimización de parámetros debe ser plenamente reconocida, y el riesgo de que los paros sean demasiado apretados debe evitarse. En general, proporciona una metodología de negociación cuantitativa relativamente robusta.
/*backtest start: 2023-09-06 00:00:00 end: 2023-09-08 09:00:00 period: 1m basePeriod: 1m exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}] */ // This source code is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License 2.0 at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/ // © Rolan_Kruger //@version=5 strategy("PSAR BBPT ZLSMA","PBZ", overlay=true,default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 100) /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // PSAR BUY/SELL start = input.float(title='Start', step=0.00005, defval=0.05, group = "PSAR") increment = input.float(title='Increment', step=0.00005, defval=0.05, group = "PSAR") maximum = input.float(title='Maximum', step=0.01, defval=0.13, group = "PSAR") width = input.int(title='Point Width', minval=1, defval=20, group = "PSAR") highlightStartPoints = input(title='Highlight Start Points ?', defval=false, group = "PSAR") psar = ta.sar(start, increment, maximum) dir = psar < close ? 1 : -1 psarColor = psar < close ? #3388bb : #fdcc02 plotshape(dir == 1 and dir[1] == -1 and highlightStartPoints ? psar : na, title='Buy', style=shape.labelup, location=location.absolute, size=size.normal, text='Buy', textcolor=color.new(color.white, 0), color=color.new(color.green, 0)) plotshape(dir == -1 and dir[1] == 1 and highlightStartPoints ? psar : na, title='Sell', style=shape.labeldown, location=location.absolute, size=size.normal, text='Sell', textcolor=color.new(color.white, 0), color=color.new(color.red, 0)) barcolor(dir == 1 ? color.green : color.red, display = display.none) PSAR_Buy = dir == 1 and dir[1] == -1 PSAR_Sell = dir == -1 and dir[1] == 1 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // ZLSMA length = input(title='Length', defval=50,group = "ZLSMA") offset = input(title='Offset', defval=0,group = "ZLSMA") src = input(close, title='Source',group = "ZLSMA") lsma = ta.linreg(src, length, offset) lsma2 = ta.linreg(lsma, length, offset) eq = lsma - lsma2 zlsma = lsma + eq plot(zlsma, color=color.new(color.yellow, 0), linewidth=3) ZLSMA_Buy = close > zlsma and open > zlsma and low > zlsma and high > zlsma ZLSMA_Sell = close < zlsma and open < zlsma and low < zlsma and high < zlsma //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // BBPT // switch_bbpt = input.bool(false, "Switch BBPT conditionals",group ="Bull Bear Power Trend") length1 = 8 // BullTrend_hist = 0.0 BearTrend_hist = 0.0 BullTrend = (close - ta.lowest(low, 50)) / ta.atr(5) BearTrend = (ta.highest(high, 50) - close) / ta.atr(5) BearTrend2 = -1 * BearTrend Trend = BullTrend - BearTrend if BullTrend < 2 BullTrend_hist := BullTrend - 2 BullTrend_hist if BearTrend2 > -2 BearTrend_hist := BearTrend2 + 2 BearTrend_hist //alexgrover-Regression Line Formula x = bar_index y = Trend x_ = ta.sma(x, length1) y_ = ta.sma(y, length1) mx = ta.stdev(x, length1) my = ta.stdev(y, length1) c = ta.correlation(x, y, length1) slope = c * (my / mx) inter = y_ - slope * x_ reg_trend = x * slope + inter // BBPT_Buy = BearTrend_hist BBPT_Sell = BullTrend_hist if switch_bbpt BBPT_Buy := BullTrend_hist BBPT_Sell := BearTrend_hist /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Sessions enable_sessions = input.bool(false, "Enable Sessions for strategy", group = "Sessions") bgColor = input.bool(false, "Activate High/Low View", group = "Sessions") LondonColor = color.new(color.green, 90) NYColor = color.new(color.red, 90) AsiaColor = color.new(color.yellow, 90) SydneyColor = color.new(color.blue, 90) ///Sessions res = input.timeframe("D", "Resolution", ["D","W","M"], group = "Sessions") london = input("0300-1200:1234567", "London Session", group = "Sessions") ny = input("0800-1700:1234567", "New York Session", group = "Sessions") tokyo = input("2000-0400:1234567", "Tokyo Session", group = "Sessions") sydney = input("1700-0200:1234567", "Sydney Session", group = "Sessions") //Bars is_newbar(sess) => t = time(res, sess, "America/New_York") na(t[1]) and not na(t) or t[1] < t is_session(sess) => not na(time(timeframe.period, sess, "America/New_York")) //London London = input.bool(false, "London Session") londonNewbar = is_newbar(london) londonSession = is_session(london) float londonLow = na londonLow := if londonSession if londonNewbar low else math.min(londonLow[1],low) else londonLow float londonHigh = na londonHigh := if londonSession if londonNewbar high else math.max(londonHigh[1],high) else londonHigh plotLL = plot(londonLow, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) plotLH = plot(londonHigh, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) fill(plotLL, plotLH, color = londonSession and London and bgColor ? LondonColor : na) bgcolor(londonSession and London and not bgColor ? LondonColor : na) //New York NY = input.bool(false, "New York Session") nyNewbar = is_newbar(ny) nySession = is_session(ny) float nyLow = na nyLow := if nySession if nyNewbar low else math.min(nyLow[1],low) else nyLow float nyHigh = na nyHigh := if nySession if nyNewbar high else math.max(nyHigh[1],high) else nyHigh plotNYL = plot(nyLow, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) plotNYH = plot(nyHigh, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) fill(plotNYL, plotNYH, color = nySession and NY and bgColor ? NYColor : na) bgcolor(nySession and NY and not bgColor ? NYColor : na) //Tokyo Tokyo = input.bool(false, "Tokyo Session") tokyoNewbar = is_newbar(tokyo) tokyoSession = is_session(tokyo) float tokyoLow = na tokyoLow := if tokyoSession if tokyoNewbar low else math.min(tokyoLow[1],low) else tokyoLow float tokyoHigh = na tokyoHigh := if tokyoSession if tokyoNewbar high else math.max(tokyoHigh[1],high) else tokyoHigh plotTL = plot(tokyoLow, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) plotTH = plot(tokyoHigh, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) fill(plotTL, plotTH, color = tokyoSession and Tokyo and bgColor ? AsiaColor : na) bgcolor(tokyoSession and Tokyo and not bgColor ? AsiaColor : na) //Sydney Sydney = input.bool(false, "Sydney Session") sydneyNewbar = is_newbar(sydney) sydneySession = is_session(sydney) float sydneyLow = na sydneyLow := if sydneySession if sydneyNewbar low else math.min(sydneyLow[1],low) else sydneyLow float sydneyHigh = na sydneyHigh := if sydneySession if sydneyNewbar high else math.max(sydneyHigh[1],high) else sydneyHigh plotSL = plot(sydneyLow, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) plotSH = plot(sydneyHigh, color=color.new(#000000, 100)) fill(plotSL, plotSH, color = sydneySession and Sydney and bgColor ? SydneyColor : na) bgcolor(sydneySession and Sydney and not bgColor ? SydneyColor : na) London_ok = London and londonSession NY_ok = NY and nySession Tokyo_ok = Tokyo and tokyoSession Sydney_ok = Sydney and sydneySession in_session = true if London_ok or NY_ok or Tokyo_ok or Sydney_ok and enable_sessions in_session := true else if enable_sessions == true in_session := false /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // EMA Filter ema_filter = input.bool(false, "Enable EMA filter", group = "EMA") ema_lenght = input.int(50, "EMA lenght", group = "EMA") ema1 = ta.ema(close, ema_lenght) plot(ema1, "EMA", color.white, 3) EMA_Buy = true EMA_Sell = true if ema_filter == true EMA_Buy := close > ema1 EMA_Sell := ema1 > close /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // ZLSMA angle calc zlsma_angle_filter = input.bool(true, "ZLSMA angle filter", group = "ZLSMA") ZLSMA_Up = true ZLSMA_Down = true if zlsma_angle_filter == true ZLSMA_Up := 1 < (zlsma - zlsma[1]) ZLSMA_Down := -1 > (zlsma - zlsma[1]) /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // SL/TP // Assumes quote currency is FIAT as with BTC/USDT pair max_sl = input.float(0.2, "Max SL size in %", group = "SL/TP", minval = 0.1, tooltip = "Cancels trade if SL is too big" ) zlsma_offset = input.float(0.02, title="ZLSMA SL offset in %", group = "SL/TP",maxval = 1) tp1_multi = input.float(1, title="TP 1 multiplier", group = "SL/TP") tp2_multi = input.float(2, title="TP 2 multiplier", group = "SL/TP") tp1_persentage = input.float(0.001, "Persentage of trade close on TP1", group ="SL/TP", maxval = 100, minval = 0.001) // SL too big check sl_check = ((math.abs(close - zlsma))/close * 100) + zlsma_offset sl_ok = true if sl_check > max_sl sl_ok := false // ZLSMA SL and TP not_in_trade = strategy.position_size == 0 check_if_long = PSAR_Buy and ZLSMA_Buy and BBPT_Buy and EMA_Buy and ZLSMA_Up and sl_ok and in_session check_if_short = PSAR_Sell and ZLSMA_Sell and BBPT_Sell and EMA_Sell and ZLSMA_Down and sl_ok and in_session var float sl = 0.0 var float tp1 = 0.0 var float tp2 = 0.0 if check_if_long and not_in_trade sl := ((close - zlsma)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset tp1 := (((close - zlsma)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset)*tp1_multi tp2 := (((close - zlsma)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset)*tp2_multi if check_if_short and not_in_trade sl := ((zlsma - close)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset tp1 := (((zlsma - close)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset)*tp1_multi tp2 := (((zlsma - close)/close * 100) + zlsma_offset)*tp2_multi // FUNCTIONS // Stochastic f_stochastic() => stoch = ta.stoch(close, high, low, 14) stoch_K = ta.sma(stoch, 3) stoch_D = ta.sma(stoch_K, 3) stRD = ta.crossunder(stoch_K, stoch_D) stGD = ta.crossover(stoch_K, stoch_D) [stoch_K, stoch_D, stRD, stGD] // VARIABLES [bbMiddle, bbUpper, bbLower] = ta.bb(close, 20, 2) [stoch_K, stoch_D, stRD, stGD] = f_stochastic() // ORDERS // Active Orders // Check if strategy has open positions inLong = strategy.position_size > 0 inShort = strategy.position_size < 0 // Check if strategy reduced position size in last bar longClose = strategy.position_size < strategy.position_size[1] shortClose = strategy.position_size > strategy.position_size[1] // Entry Conditions // Enter long when during last candle these conditions are true: // Candle high is greater than upper Bollinger Band // Stochastic K line crosses under D line and is oversold longCondition = PSAR_Buy and ZLSMA_Buy and BBPT_Buy and EMA_Buy and ZLSMA_Up and sl_ok and in_session // Enter short when during last candle these conditions are true: // Candle low is lower than lower Bollinger Band // Stochastic K line crosses over D line and is overbought shortCondition = PSAR_Sell and ZLSMA_Sell and BBPT_Sell and EMA_Sell and ZLSMA_Down and sl_ok and in_session // Exit Conditions // Calculate Take Profit longTP1 = strategy.position_avg_price * ((100 + tp1)/100) longTP2 = strategy.position_avg_price * ((100 + tp2)/100) shortTP1 = strategy.position_avg_price * ((100 - tp1)/100) shortTP2 = strategy.position_avg_price * ((100 - tp2)/100) // Calculate Stop Loss // Initialise variables var float longSL = 0.0 var float shortSL = 0.0 // When not in position, set stop loss using close price which is the price used during backtesting // When in a position, check to see if the position was reduced on the last bar // If it was, set stop loss to position entry price. Otherwise, maintain last stop loss value longSL := if inLong and ta.barssince(longClose) < ta.barssince(longCondition) strategy.position_avg_price else if inLong longSL[1] else close * ((100 - sl)/100) shortSL := if inShort and ta.barssince(shortClose) < ta.barssince(shortCondition) strategy.position_avg_price else if inShort shortSL[1] else close * ((100 + sl)/100) //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // STRATEGY EXECUTION // Manage positions if not_in_trade and longCondition strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long) strategy.exit("TP1/SL", from_entry="Long", qty_percent=tp1_persentage, limit=longTP1, stop=longSL) strategy.exit("TP2/SL", from_entry="Long", limit=longTP2, stop=longSL) if not_in_trade and shortCondition strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short) strategy.exit("TP1/SL", from_entry="Short", qty_percent=tp1_persentage, limit=shortTP1, stop=shortSL) strategy.exit("TP2/SL", from_entry="Short", limit=shortTP2, stop=shortSL)