La estrategia de ruptura de bandas de Bollinger es una estrategia de tendencia a corto plazo optimizada para el comercio de criptomonedas. Utiliza el indicador de bandas de Bollinger bien establecido como generador de señal central y es capaz de tomar posiciones largas y cortas.
La estrategia cuenta con un alto nivel de configurabilidad, incluyendo los parámetros de Bollinger Bands, varios filtros, configuración de take profit/stop loss y umbral máximo de pérdida intradiaria.
La estrategia se centra en el indicador de bandas de Bollinger, que calcula una banda media, una banda superior y una banda inferior que sirven como proxies para los promedios de precios y los límites de volatilidad.
Además, se implementan múltiples filtros para evitar señales falsas:
Filtro de tendencia: largo por encima de la media móvil, corto por debajo de la media móvil
Filtro de volatilidad: sólo se negocian cuando la volatilidad se expande
Filtro de dirección: configurable para direcciones largas, cortas o ambas
Filtro de tasa de cambio: movimiento de precios suficiente desde el cierre anterior requerido
Filtro de fecha: para especificación del marco de tiempo de backtesting
Las salidas se manejan a través de mecanismos de toma de ganancias, stop loss y trailing stop para bloquear las ganancias y limitar las pérdidas.
Las principales ventajas de esta estrategia incluyen:
Indicador de bandas de Bollinger confiables como señal central
Los filtros personalizables evitan las transacciones no deseadas
Diseño completo de stop loss/take profit
Protección de pérdidas intradiarias máximas frente a la extracción extrema
Prospera en mercados de tendencia con potencial de ganancia
A pesar de las ventajas, siguen existiendo algunos riesgos:
Los cambios en las bandas de Bollinger pueden conducir a pérdidas
Los filtros demasiado rígidos reducen las operaciones en los mercados de rango
Las brechas pueden detener las posiciones de forma preventiva
No se pueden evitar completamente los movimientos extremos.
Las mitigaciones incluyen el ajuste de filtros, intervención manual y paradas ajustadas.
Optimizaciones posibles para esta estrategia:
Búsqueda de combinaciones óptimas de parámetros
Introducir el aprendizaje automático para la optimización adaptativa
Investigar mejores métodos de detención de pérdidas, por ejemplo, detenciones de volatilidad
Incorporar el sentimiento para guiar las acciones discrecionales
Utilizar instrumentos correlacionados para el arbitraje estadístico
La estrategia de ruptura de bandas de Bollinger es un sistema probado en el tiempo para el comercio de tendencias a corto plazo. Al combinar los méritos de la señal de bandas de Bollinger y filtros prudentes, genera entradas de calidad para tendencias mientras evita señales falsas. Los mecanismos integrales de gestión de riesgos también contienen reducciones de manera efectiva.
/*backtest start: 2022-11-22 00:00:00 end: 2023-11-04 05:20:00 period: 1d basePeriod: 1h exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}] */ //@version=5 strategy("Bollinger Bands - Breakout Strategy",overlay=true ) // Define the length of the Bollinger Bands bbLengthInput = input.int (15,title="Length", group="Bollinger Bands", inline="BB") bbDevInput = input.float (2.0,title="StdDev", group="Bollinger Bands", inline="BB") // Define the settings for the Trend Filter trendFilterInput = input.bool(false, title="Above/Below", group = "Trend Filter", inline="Trend") trendFilterPeriodInput = input(223,title="", group = "Trend Filter", inline="Trend") trendFilterType = input.string (title="", defval="EMA",options=["EMA","SMA","RMA", "WMA"], group = "Trend Filter", inline="Trend") volatilityFilterInput = input.bool(true,title="StdDev", group = "Volatility Filter", inline="Vol") volatilityFilterStDevLength = input(15,title="",group = "Volatility Filter", inline="Vol") volatilityStDevMaLength = input(15,title=">MA",group = "Volatility Filter", inline="Vol") // ROC Filter // f_security function by LucF for PineCoders available here: https://www.tradingview.com/script/cyPWY96u-How-to-avoid-repainting-when-using-security-PineCoders-FAQ/ f_security(_sym, _res, _src, _rep) => request.security(_sym, _res, _src[not _rep and barstate.isrealtime ? 1 : 0])[_rep or barstate.isrealtime ? 0 : 1] high_daily = f_security(syminfo.tickerid, "D", high, false) roc_enable = input.bool(false, "", group="ROC Filter from CloseD", inline="roc") roc_threshold = input.float(1, "Treshold", step=0.5, group="ROC Filter from CloseD", inline="roc") closed = f_security(syminfo.tickerid,"1D",close, false) roc_filter= roc_enable ? (close-closed)/closed*100 > roc_threshold : true // Trade Direction Filter // tradeDirectionInput = input.string("Auto",options=["Auto", "Long&Short","Long Only", "Short Only"], title="Trade", group="Direction Filter", tooltip="Auto: if a PERP is detected (in the symbol description), trade long and short\n Otherwise as per user-input") // tradeDirection = switch tradeDirectionInput // "Auto" => str.contains(str.lower(syminfo.description), "perp") or str.contains(str.lower(syminfo.description), ".p") ? strategy.direction.all : strategy.direction.long // "Long&Short" => strategy.direction.all // "Long Only" => strategy.direction.long // "Short Only" => strategy.direction.short // => strategy.direction.all // strategy.risk.allow_entry_in(tradeDirection) // Calculate and plot the Bollinger Bands [bbMiddle, bbUpper, bbLower] = ta.bb (close, bbLengthInput, bbDevInput) plot(bbMiddle, "Basis", color=color.orange) bbUpperPlot = plot(bbUpper, "Upper", color=color.blue) bbLowerrPlot = plot(bbLower, "Lower", color=color.blue) fill(bbUpperPlot, bbLowerrPlot, title = "Background", color=color.new(color.blue, 95)) // Calculate and view Trend Filter float tradeConditionMa = switch trendFilterType "EMA" => ta.ema(close, trendFilterPeriodInput) "SMA" => ta.sma(close, trendFilterPeriodInput) "RMA" => ta.rma(close, trendFilterPeriodInput) "WMA" => ta.wma(close, trendFilterPeriodInput) // Default used when the three first cases do not match. => ta.wma(close, trendFilterPeriodInput) trendConditionLong = trendFilterInput ? close > tradeConditionMa : true trendConditionShort = trendFilterInput ? close < tradeConditionMa : true plot(trendFilterInput ? tradeConditionMa : na, color=color.yellow) // Calculate and view Volatility Filter stdDevClose = ta.stdev(close,volatilityFilterStDevLength) volatilityCondition = volatilityFilterInput ? stdDevClose > ta.sma(stdDevClose,volatilityStDevMaLength) : true bbLowerCrossUnder = ta.crossunder(close, bbLower) bbUpperCrossOver = ta.crossover(close, bbUpper) bgcolor(volatilityCondition ? na : color.new(color.red, 95)) // Date Filter start = input(timestamp("2017-01-01"), "Start", group="Date Filter") finish = input(timestamp("2050-01-01"), "End", group="Date Filter") date_filter = true // Entry and Exit Conditions entryLongCondition = bbUpperCrossOver and trendConditionLong and volatilityCondition and date_filter and roc_filter entryShortCondition = bbLowerCrossUnder and trendConditionShort and volatilityCondition and date_filter and roc_filter exitLongCondition = bbLowerCrossUnder exitShortCondition = bbUpperCrossOver // Orders if entryLongCondition strategy.entry("EL", strategy.long) if entryShortCondition strategy.entry("ES", strategy.short) if exitLongCondition strategy.close("EL") if exitShortCondition strategy.close("ES") // Long SL/TP/TS xl_ts_percent = input.float(2,step=0.5, title= "TS", group="Exit Long", inline="LTS", tooltip="Trailing Treshold %") xl_to_percent = input.float(0.5, step=0.5, title= "TO", group="Exit Long", inline="LTS", tooltip="Trailing Offset %") xl_ts_tick = xl_ts_percent * close/syminfo.mintick/100 xl_to_tick = xl_to_percent * close/syminfo.mintick/100 xl_sl_percent = input.float (2, step=0.5, title="SL",group="Exit Long", inline="LSLTP") xl_tp_percent = input.float(9, step=0.5, title="TP",group="Exit Long", inline="LSLTP") xl_sl_price = strategy.position_avg_price * (1-xl_sl_percent/100) xl_tp_price = strategy.position_avg_price * (1+xl_tp_percent/100) strategy.exit("XL+SL/TP", "EL", stop=xl_sl_price, limit=xl_tp_price, trail_points=xl_ts_tick, trail_offset=xl_to_tick,comment_loss= "XL-SL", comment_profit = "XL-TP",comment_trailing = "XL-TS") // Short SL/TP/TS xs_ts_percent = input.float(2,step=0.5, title= "TS",group="Exit Short", inline ="STS", tooltip="Trailing Treshold %") xs_to_percent = input.float(0.5, step=0.5, title= "TO",group="Exit Short", inline ="STS", tooltip="Trailing Offset %") xs_ts_tick = xs_ts_percent * close/syminfo.mintick/100 xs_to_tick = xs_to_percent * close/syminfo.mintick/100 xs_sl_percent = input.float (2, step=0.5, title="SL",group="Exit Short", inline="ESSLTP", tooltip="Stop Loss %") xs_tp_percent = input.float(9, step=0.5, title="TP",group="Exit Short", inline="ESSLTP", tooltip="Take Profit %") xs_sl_price = strategy.position_avg_price * (1+xs_sl_percent/100) xs_tp_price = strategy.position_avg_price * (1-xs_tp_percent/100) strategy.exit("XS+SL/TP", "ES", stop=xs_sl_price, limit=xs_tp_price, trail_points=xs_ts_tick, trail_offset=xs_to_tick,comment_loss= "XS-SL", comment_profit = "XS-TP",comment_trailing = "XS-TS") max_intraday_loss = input.int(10, title="Max Intraday Loss (Percent)", group="Risk Management") //strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(max_intraday_loss, strategy.percent_of_equity) // Monthly Returns table, modified from QuantNomad. Please put calc_on_every_tick = true to plot it. monthly_table(int results_prec, bool results_dark) => new_month = month(time) != month(time[1]) new_year = year(time) != year(time[1]) eq = strategy.equity bar_pnl = eq / eq[1] - 1 cur_month_pnl = 0.0 cur_year_pnl = 0.0 // Current Monthly P&L cur_month_pnl := new_month ? 0.0 : (1 + cur_month_pnl[1]) * (1 + bar_pnl) - 1 // Current Yearly P&L cur_year_pnl := new_year ? 0.0 : (1 + cur_year_pnl[1]) * (1 + bar_pnl) - 1 // Arrays to store Yearly and Monthly P&Ls var month_pnl = array.new_float(0) var month_time = array.new_int(0) var year_pnl = array.new_float(0) var year_time = array.new_int(0) last_computed = false if (not na(cur_month_pnl[1]) and (new_month or barstate.islast)) if (last_computed[1]) array.pop(month_pnl) array.pop(month_time) array.push(month_pnl , cur_month_pnl[1]) array.push(month_time, time[1]) if (not na(cur_year_pnl[1]) and (new_year or barstate.islast)) if (last_computed[1]) array.pop(year_pnl) array.pop(year_time) array.push(year_pnl , cur_year_pnl[1]) array.push(year_time, time[1]) last_computed := barstate.islast ? true : nz(last_computed[1]) // Monthly P&L Table var monthly_table = table(na) cell_hr_bg_color = results_dark ? #0F0F0F : #F5F5F5 cell_hr_text_color = results_dark ? #D3D3D3 : #555555 cell_border_color = results_dark ? #000000 : #FFFFFF // ell_hr_bg_color = results_dark ? #0F0F0F : #F5F5F5 // cell_hr_text_color = results_dark ? #D3D3D3 : #555555 // cell_border_color = results_dark ? #000000 : #FFFFFF if (barstate.islast) monthly_table := table.new(position.bottom_right, columns = 14, rows = array.size(year_pnl) + 1, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color,border_width=1,border_color=cell_border_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 0, 0, syminfo.tickerid + " " + timeframe.period, text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 1, 0, "Jan", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 2, 0, "Feb", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 3, 0, "Mar", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 4, 0, "Apr", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 5, 0, "May", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 6, 0, "Jun", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 7, 0, "Jul", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 8, 0, "Aug", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 9, 0, "Sep", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 10, 0, "Oct", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 11, 0, "Nov", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 12, 0, "Dec", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) table.cell(monthly_table, 13, 0, "Year", text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) for yi = 0 to array.size(year_pnl) - 1 table.cell(monthly_table, 0, yi + 1, str.tostring(year(array.get(year_time, yi))), text_color=cell_hr_text_color, bgcolor=cell_hr_bg_color) y_color = array.get(year_pnl, yi) > 0 ? color.lime : array.get(year_pnl, yi) < 0 ? color.red : color.gray table.cell(monthly_table, 13, yi + 1, str.tostring(math.round(array.get(year_pnl, yi) * 100, results_prec)), bgcolor = y_color) for mi = 0 to array.size(month_time) - 1 m_row = year(array.get(month_time, mi)) - year(array.get(year_time, 0)) + 1 m_col = month(array.get(month_time, mi)) m_color = array.get(month_pnl, mi) > 0 ? color.lime : array.get(month_pnl, mi) < 0 ? color.red : color.gray table.cell(monthly_table, m_col, m_row, str.tostring(math.round(array.get(month_pnl, mi) * 100, results_prec)), bgcolor = m_color) results_prec = input(2, title = "Precision", group="Results Table") results_dark = input.bool(defval=true, title="Dark Mode", group="Results Table") monthly_table(results_prec, results_dark)