Die
Zentrale Rolle bei dieser Strategie spielt die Berechnung des Z-Scores, der dadurch ermittelt wird, dass der Unterschied zwischen dem aktuellen Preis und dem exponentiellen gleitenden Durchschnitt (EMA) des Preises über eine vom Benutzer definierte Länge genommen und dann durch die Standardabweichung des Preises über die gleiche Länge geteilt wird:
Z = (x - μ) / σ
Hierbei ist x der aktuelle Preis, μ der EMA-Mittelwert und σ die Standardabweichung.
Handelssignale werden auf der Grundlage der vordefinierten Schwellenwerte erzeugt, die der Z-Score überschreitet:
Diese Risiken können durch laufende Marktanalysen, Parameteroptimierung und eine umsichtige Umsetzung auf der Grundlage von Backtests verwaltet und gemildert werden.
Die
/*backtest start: 2023-04-23 00:00:00 end: 2024-04-28 00:00:00 period: 1d basePeriod: 1h exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}] */ // This Pine Script™ code is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License 2.0 at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/ // © PresentTrading // This strategy employs a statistical approach by using a Z-score, which measures the deviation of the price from its moving average normalized by the standard deviation. // Very simple and effective approach //@version=5 strategy('Price Based Z-Trend - strategy [presentTrading]',shorttitle = 'Price Based Z-Trend - strategy [presentTrading]', overlay=false, precision=3, commission_value=0.1, commission_type=strategy.commission.percent, slippage=1, currency=currency.USD, default_qty_type=strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value=10, initial_capital=10000) // User-definable parameters for the Z-score calculation and bar coloring tradeDirection = input.string("Both", "Trading Direction", options=["Long", "Short", "Both"]) // User selects trading direction priceDeviationLength = input.int(100, "Standard Deviation Length", step=1) // Length for standard deviation calculation priceAverageLength = input.int(100, "Average Length", step=1) // Length for moving average calculation Threshold = input.float(1, "Threshold", step=0.1) // Number of standard deviations for Z-score threshold priceBar = input(title='Bar Color', defval=true) // Toggle for coloring price bars based on Z-score // Z-score calculation based on user input for the price source (typically the closing price) priceSource = input(close, title="Source") priceZScore = (priceSource - ta.ema(priceSource, priceAverageLength)) / ta.stdev(priceSource, priceDeviationLength) // Z-score calculation // Conditions for entering and exiting trades based on Z-score crossovers priceLongCondition = ta.crossover(priceZScore, Threshold) // Condition to enter long positions priceExitLongCondition = ta.crossunder(priceZScore, -Threshold) // Condition to exit long positions longEntryCondition = ta.crossover(priceZScore, Threshold) longExitCondition = ta.crossunder(priceZScore, -Threshold) shortEntryCondition = ta.crossunder(priceZScore, -Threshold) shortExitCondition = ta.crossover(priceZScore, Threshold) // Strategy conditions and execution based on Z-score crossovers and trading direction if (tradeDirection == "Long" or tradeDirection == "Both") and longEntryCondition strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long) // Enter a long position if (tradeDirection == "Long" or tradeDirection == "Both") and longExitCondition strategy.close("Long") // Close the long position if (tradeDirection == "Short" or tradeDirection == "Both") and shortEntryCondition strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short) // Enter a short position if (tradeDirection == "Short" or tradeDirection == "Both") and shortExitCondition strategy.close("Short") // Close the short position // Dynamic Thresholds Visualization using 'plot' plot(Threshold, "Dynamic Entry Threshold", color=color.new(color.green, 50)) plot(-Threshold, "Dynamic Short Entry Threshold", color=color.new(color.red, 50)) // Color-coding Z-Score priceZScoreColor = priceZScore > Threshold ? color.green : priceZScore < -Threshold ? color.red : color.blue plot(priceZScore, "Z-Score", color=priceZScoreColor) // Lines hline(0, color=color.rgb(255, 255, 255, 50), linestyle=hline.style_dotted) // Bar Color priceBarColor = priceZScore > Threshold ? color.green : priceZScore > 0 ? color.lime : priceZScore < Threshold ? color.maroon : priceZScore < 0 ? color.red : color.black barcolor(priceBar ? priceBarColor : na)